As we know, Nazi Germany during the Second World War, there were 2 main ally, who willingly helped Hitler and had their own political and economic objectives.Like Germany, Italy during World War II suffered huge human and material losses.
Policy Benito Mussolini led Italy to the war
in the development of Italian and German 30's had a lot in common.Both countries have become stronger economically, but were suppressed any protest movements and installed a totalitarian regime.Ideologist of Italian fascism was the prime minister of the state of Benito Mussolini.This man had the monarchical habits, but you can not say that he, like Hitler, was preparing for war.By the beginning of World War II, his country was not economically and politically ready.The main goal of Benito Mussolini - the creation of an economically strong totalitarian regime.
what has been achieved until 1939. Mussolini?We note a few things:
- the fight against unemployment through the implementation of a system of state public works;
- extension of the public transport system, which improved the relationship between cities and the country as a whole;
- the growth of the Italian economy.
One of the drawbacks of Mussolini's regime was its expansionary trend.This will lead to serious consequences for the country as early as 1943.
Italy in World War II: the initial stage
This country has moved to the fighting late enough.Italy in World War II began to participate from June 1940.The main factor, which is not allowed to enter the war before - the absolute unwillingness of the army and the economy to active hostilities.
first active action Mussolini was a declaration of war Great Britain and France.Italy entered the war after the Wehrmacht troops occupied the whole of Scandinavia, many European countries and started fighting on French soil.Analyzing the course of events, we can say that Italy entered the war under pressure from Germany.Hitler during the years 1939-1940 made several trips to Rome to demand the beginning of active actions by Mussolini against common opponents.
Nazis never considered Italians serious partners.Italy during the Second World War, perform any command from Berlin.Throughout Italy's participation in the war its troops were scattered randomly on all fronts of combat operations, including in Africa.If we talk about pure fighting, the first act of state participation Italy in World War II was the bombing of Malta June 11, 1940.
current Italian troops in August 1940 - January 1941
Chronology fighting troops of Mussolini, we can clearly see the two sides of the advancing attack vectors.We analyze the main offensive Italians:
- Invasion of Egypt 13 September 1940.Troops moved from Libya, which has long been an Italian colony.The goal - to capture the city of Alexandria.
- In August, 1940, attacks in the direction of Kenya and Somalia, the British territory of Ethiopia.
- In October 1940, the Italians attacked Greece from Albania.It was in these battles troops met the first serious resistance.Displayed complete unpreparedness for war, and the weakness of the Italian troops.
Italy defeated
fate of Italy in the war, in principle, was absolutely logical.The economy could not stand the load, because there was a very strong military orders, which the industry has not been able to perform.The reason: lack of raw materials and fuel base in the required amount.Italy during the Second World War, especially ordinary citizens, has been hit hard.
describe the fighting of 1941-1942 does not make sense.The fighting took place with mixed success.Mussolini's troops often suffered defeats.In a society gradually narostaet protest intensity, manifested in the revitalization of the communist and socialist movements, strengthening the role of trade union organizations.
In 1943, Italy was already very weak and exhausted fighting.Confront enemies have not had the opportunity, so leaders of the country (except for Mussolini) decided to slowly bring the country out of war.
the summer of 1943 in Italy a landing troops of anti-Hitler coalition.
Italy after World War II
consider the consequences of the war for the country.They can be divided into several groups: political, economic and social.
main political result was the fall of the regime of Benito Mussolini and the return of the country to a democratic course of development.That was the only positive thing that brought the war to the peninsula.
Economic impacts:
- decline in production and GDP by 3 times;
- mass unemployment (officially registered more than 2 million people who were looking for employment);
- many businesses were destroyed during the fighting.
Italy during World War II became a hostage of two totalitarian political regimes, which as a result ceased to exist.
Social consequences:
- Italy after the Second World War has missed more than 450 thousand soldiers were killed and as many wounded;
- in the army at that time were mostly young people, so their deaths led to a demographic crisis - a million babies not born.
Conclusion
After the Second World War, Italy was very weak economically.That is why the constantly growing number of Communist and Socialist parties and their impact on the lives of the state.To overcome the crisis in 1945-1947 in Italy was nationalized more than 50% of private property.The main political point second half of the 40s - in 1946, Italy officially became a republic.
With the democratic development of Italy no longer went ever.
