Symmetry of words and phrases - a curious phenomenon, although it is not always possible to notice.For centuries and millennia there are more entertaining categories: anagrams, ambigram, pantogrammy and so on.. But in this case we will focus on such concepts as word-palindromes, examples of which are very interesting.What is it?
essence
Palindromes - words and phrases that have symmetry.They can be read as a usual way - from left to right and vice versa, and the meaning does not change.This explains the name: in Greek, it means "running back."In Russian palindrome is also often called "word-shifter."Usually, this term refers to the linguistic structure.But sometimes it can also be a shifters, numbers, figures, and even sheet music!In general cases, it is a word or phrase.For example, "tramp", "Anna" and the longest palindrome in Russian - "rotator".But in reality it is not so easy, because people like to play with words, which allows to invent new ways to see the unexpected in the everyday.
Species
addition to the basic meaning and kind word-shifter may be something else.When people are already tired make these words, but they have not yet got down to the phrase, the course went geometric shapes.There were so-called "krugovertni" - phrases recorded, for example, on a cylinder that can be read in the same way as the rotation by or counter-clockwise.There is a famous example related to a similar view of palindromes.The poet Vladimir Mayakovsky once gave his beloved Lily Brik ring.On the inner side of the decoration has been engraved.Just three letters - N, S, B, who also had her initials.But when they were formed in the rotation of the endless "love."
Another variety, which is also referred to as a palindrome is a word, the repetition of forming another.Simply consider it on examples: if base CO ka Bank ban and so on. D.
Another frontier form a palindrome - a word or a combination of that when reading from left to right has one point, and in the back of the other"Peace is convenient", "nose", "city", and so on. n.
there are more complex examples: bilingual, with a vertical reversal and other transformations, because people like to invent new uses of language.
In linguistics
First of all it is, of course, will focus on how to word-shifter or a similar phrase is used in a particular language.In general, the history of palindromes out in ancient times.The first such sentence is considered Latin Sator Arepo tenet opera rotos, which translates as "The Sower Arepyev barely keeps the wheels."Usually this palindrome is recorded as a square, and it can be read not only from left to right and vice versa, but also vertically.It is believed that this entry of about 2500 years.However, since that time much has changed.There was plenty of new examples, and it concerns not only Russian, but also in other European and Oriental.
Palindromes are interested not only linguists, but also mathematics.According to their calculations, even if theoretically limited vocabulary words and phrases-shifters can be endless.So, what are word-shifters?
Examples
There are people who are addicted to writing palindromes.It is not always complied with the rules of word formation, sentence structure and remains unchanged meaning.This is forgivable, because by increasing the length of the floor make-shifter or phrase becomes more difficult.Fortunately, there are also some very witty examples, often even the whole poem.
In Russian:
- Argentina beckons Negro.
- Keith sea romantic.
- Anna lay desirable.
- boar Clicked on the eggplant.
- A soup - meat?
- Wilds - a world of troubles.
- I - mug from the field.
- Honey crave.
- Spring - a chance to EB.
- The moon drowning.
In English:
- Racecar.
- Tacocat.
- Madam, I'm Adam.
- Live not on evil.
verse can be very successful:
Me and You - God being the ego.
Me and you - Bach echo being.
Me and you - music from the bud being.
Me and you - ballet body being .
This part of the work from the pen of Ellen Katsyuba that created a dictionary of palindromes.Generally, among the fans to break a head over the letter combinations have been very well-known writers, scientists, mathematicians, and so on. D .: Bulgakov, A. Fet, A. Voznesensky, N. Ladigin, G. Derzhavin, V. Khlebnikov and many others.
By the way, the longest in the world is the word Changeling saippuakivikauppias in Finnish.According to the concept of designated seller of soap, and most interesting is that it is quite common vernacular language unit!
Palindromes in other areas
Do not think that this concept applies only to words and phrases.Any other methods of recording are also able to give rise to palindromes.Programming languages, mathematics, music, even to some extent the fine arts - in all these areas can be found "turncoats".Similar examples can be found in the works of Mozart or Moscheles.
should also be said about biology.In DNA there are areas, which are also called palindromes.Here they have a functional load - can increase the volume of encrypted data without increasing the number of nucleotides.
