In the process of learning English, many are faced with certain difficulties.This is due to the fact that the Russian language is often missing grammatical phenomena inherent in a foreign language.The English example of this are: the indefinite article, auxiliary verbs, Complex Object, usually a denial of the proposal, since the 26 categories, the passive voice, a complex subject and others.
complex supplement.Formula education and the use of
This grammatical phenomenon is a structure consisting of a noun in the general case (or pronoun in the objective) and infinitive.In the Russian language is the language this translates complex clauses, in which the noun - the subject and the infinitive - predicate:
- My mother would like me to enter the Institute.- My mother would like me to go to college.
This design is unique in the Russian language.Nevertheless, many Russian students easily master data grammatical phenomenon.And the design is really easy to use and compact in terms of linguistic form.
Complex Object.Verbs
complex addition in the English language is used with groups of verbs.
- verbs expressing desire and need - to want (want to), to wish (desire, dream), to desire (desire, dream), would like (I would like).For example:
- My wife wishes me to get a promotion.- My wife dreams that I was promoted to the post.
- My mum desires us to go to the sea as quickly as possible.- My mom really wants, so we all went to the sea as soon as possible.
- Verbs expressing awareness, knowledge - to think (meditate), to know (know), to report (report).For example:
- He thought me to have given back this thing.- He thought I brought this thing.
- Mike knows me to be a lazy bone.- Mike knows I'm lazy.
- verbs, expressing expectation - to believe (believe), to expect (assume), to suppose (suppose count).For example:
- I expected her to have had the better results.- I expect that it will have better results.
- John always believed his wife to be the fairest woman in the world.- John always believed that his wife - the most honest woman in the world.
- Do you suppose her to have solved the problems?- Do you think she has decided all the problems?
- verbs that express an order compelling - to order (ordering).Naprmer:
- The doctor ordered me to take a pill twice a day.- The doctor told me to take a pill twice a day.
Examples consumption design without the particle to
In the case of the phenomenon of The Complex Object with verbs of perception (to see - to look, to hear - to hear, to notice - notice, to watch - watch, to observe - to explore) particleto falls:
- I see her go out.- I saw her out of the house.
I see her going out - I saw her leave the house.
In the latter example, the verb used in the form of a gerund, which gives the proposal a different meaning.In the first case, a man was watching a one-time action (out of the house), in the second example of a designated process is expressed by the verb ending -ing.
For a better understanding of the best examples to compare the following pairs:
- I noticed her enter the room.- I noticed as she entered the room.
I noticed her entering the room.- I noticed how she came into the room. - He heard Fred go upstairs.- He heard Fred climbed the stairs.
He heard Fred going upstairs.- He heard Fred coming up the stairs.
Thus, with the help of a complex supplement can be expressed as a one-time action and a certain process.Often, when the Russian translation of this communication faint.
If the verb to see, to hear used in the sense of "understanding", in which case there is no need to apply the Complex Object.Rule use complex supplements in this case is not valid.An example must be translated using the clause.
- I saw that she had a desire to go away.- I realized that she wants to leave.
Eating complex additions to the verbs to cause, to make, to let
is also necessary to remember a series of verbs, indicating the prohibition or authorization ( to let - let, to make - make, to have - to dispose, to cause - cause, force), which is used without a Complex Object particles to:
- In my childhood my mum never let me walk until I did my homework.- As a child, my mother never let me go for a walk until I do the lessons.
- Do not make me do these terrible things!- Do not make me do this terrible thing!
- You cause her think as you do!- You impose her opinion!(You make her think just like you).
complex supplement and a temporary category
The design of Complex Object infinitive can be used in various forms vidovremennyh example:
- Active voice.When I was little, my mum never let me go alone.- When I was little, my mom would not let me alone.
- Passive voice.My father would like me to be taken in the region football team.- My dad wants me to take the regional football team.I have never known my sister have been punished.- I've never seen my sister punished.
- perfect shape.Only my friend knew me to have flunked.- Just a friend of mine knew I failed the exam.
- Forms Continuous.Ann watched the old lady walking around the house.- Ann watched as the old woman walks around the house.I heard Alice speaking in a whisper.- I heard Alice with someone talking in a whisper.
perfect form complex supplement when used?
Times Group Perfect - One of the biggest challenges for the Russian students.The intricate system of "present + past = completed" does not go to the benefit of those who are learning English: for some it is so difficult, and it is not clear that it is easier to abandon their studies than to move to remote wilds of grammar.And if we are talking about a complex and difficult times perfect supplement should not delay to study this phenomenon in the closet.In fact, everything is very simple.The proposals of this type perfect expresses an action made before the events in the main clause, for example:
- Alice expected me to have found a job.- Alice was expecting, I found a job.
Translated this proposal take into account the perfect (the action that occurred before the ground) expressed by the formula: to have + Ved / 3 (verb ending -ed, if it belongs to a group of regular verbs, or 3 form if he is fromwrong category).
Specific uses of the complex additions
This design expresses the action to be taken at the request of another person.
- Bill wants to have his hair cut.- Bill wants a haircut.(In other words, at his request, the procedure will execute a hairdresser.)
- Nick is going to have his car repaired.- Nick is going to fix the car.(That is, he repaired it in the service station.)
- Nina has her grandmother taken care of while she works.- For grandmother Nina looked after, while she works.
- We want to have our furniture cleaned because it has become shabby.- We want our furniture cleaned because it really rubbed.
- I had my sweater knitted yesterday.- I tied myself a sweater yesterday.(That is, it was made at the request of the girl.)
- Mary wanted to have her dress made of wool.- Mary wants her dress was made of wool.
complex supplement.The exercises aimed at training skills
To develop literacy skills Use Complex Object exercises below are performed after studying the preceding examples.
- translated into Russian.
I have never heard him speak French.
She wants him to marry her.
Did you expect me to have gone?
Marry had her baby looked after when she was ill.
I knew her to have graduated from the most prestigious University of our region.
- Open brackets, using studied design (Complex Object grammar rule).
Everybody considered (he, die).
Milly has never desired (her daughter, become) an actress.
She watched (he, water) the flowers.
- translated into English.
all heard how she argued with her husband.
Mike thought I was already at home.
mother often makes me do homework.
Do you expect him to leave her?
doctor will not let me break the bed rest.
for skill formation use Complex Object above suggestions and examples must be carefully crafted.
complex subject
In English, there is another construction similar complex plug - Complex Subject.Syntax is a complex phenomenon of the subject, expressed noun or pronoun and the infinitive.
- This old man was said to be seriously ill.- It is said that the old man is seriously ill.
As you can see, the noun is connected to an additional link in the infinitive form of the verb in the passive voice.This part of the syntax can be expressed thus:
- to be supposed to - assume that;
- to be heard to - hear that;
- to be believed to - believe;
- to be known to - we know that;
- to be announced to - declare that,
- to be expected - expect.
Note : verb-copula to be changed according to the time of offer and the number of categories of the noun.
Examples:
- He is known as a world-famous dancer.- We know that it is a world-famous dancer.
- Ann was believed to pass English exams.- I believe that Anna passed an examination in English.
- The President is expected to make some political changes.- It is expected that the president will make some changes in policy.
- The Apocalypses was supposed to have been in 2012 according to Maya Calendar.- It suggests that the world would end in 2012 according to the Mayan calendar.
- Mary is heard to get married.- Did you hear that Mary is getting married.
Complex Subject, and temporary forms
The Complex Subject can be used any of the infinitive forms, including active or passive voice, perfect form, or long-acting form.
- The dog is said to be found in the forest.- It was said that the dog was found in the woods.
- Boys were announced to have won the sport competition.- announced that the guys have won a sporting event.
- She was supposed to have left the country.- It suggests that she left the country.
- The book was known to have been published several times.- It is known that the book was reprinted several times.
complex subject in the form of active voice
addition to the above structures used in the Passive Voice, Complex Subject may be used with verbs to seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen in the form of Active Voice:
- This manseems to be a stealer.- It seems that this man - a thief.
- Ann did not seem to have realized anything.- It seemed so Mary understood nothing.
- Did he happen to meet you?- It would not happen to have met you before?
- This pompous woman appeared to be very conversable.- It turned out that this woman is very sociable pretentious.
- John appeared to have left for Moscow the day before.- It turned out, John left for Moscow yesterday.
- The test turned out to be difficult for each person of my group.- It turned out, the control was difficult for everyone in my group.
For a complete assimilation rules use Complex Subject should be familiar with the constructs to be sure to and to be likely to.
- Dad is sure to repair the bike.- Pope certainly will repair the bike.
- Ann is likely to miss the train.- Anya probably missed the train.
How to learn Complex Subject
Just as in the case of Complex Object, practicing exercises designed to be false in a sequence of training to productive (ie. E. Transfer).
- Translate from English into Russian (translated from English into Russian):
Do not try to argue with him: he supposed to know everything.
The book is considered to have been lost.Fortunately, I found it.
Do not criticize my appearance!I'm believed to become a model!
- Arrange the sentence and translate into Russian (arrange the words in a sentence in the correct order and set).
The girl, won, considered, is, in, competition, the.
Sure, Dad, to repair, is the bike.
You, did, he, to, happen, meet?
- Translate from Russian into English (translated from Russian into English).
seemed to love Mary.
was learned that Bart was gone last night.
Mom is sure to help you with the lessons.
expected that the baby will be born in the winter.
He is counting on what I concede.You
sloppy hairstyle.You need a haircut.
Complex Object - devil speaking
starting to learn the language in order to use it for everyday communication, many people believe that knowledge of grammatical foundations completely useless.But possession of lexical units - it is not the ability to speak.Rather, such a person acts as a "walking dictionary" at the right time finding transfer tokens.Communication in English - is the ability to communicate their thoughts together and express them in a foreign language.And just grammar is thus a link that lets you correct and logical to express their ideas.This applies both to the rules of small-footnotes, and the whole grammatical systems.In this case, the need to study such phenomena as complex addition and subject, suggests itself.These grammatical forms used in newsprint periodicals, literary magazines, and in the conversation.This applies particularly to the use of Complex Object in English.Brevity and conciseness of its shape allows us to express thoughts most accurate and understandable to the recipient (the one who listens to the speaker).Complex Object is actively used in the texts of foreign songs, films, broadcasts, and so on. D.
complex subject and the passive voice - the same phenomenon?
Those who are more or less familiar with English grammar, able to grasp the similarity of these two structures.Indeed, for the formation of complex forms need to be an excellent knowledge of the algorithm formation liability.Passive Voice - This grammatical phenomenon by which indicate an impact on the subject in a sentence, for example:
- The house is fired.- The house is on fire.
It is clear from this proposal, the home is exposed to fire.This is the passive voice.This grammatical phenomenon as the subject can act and animate nouns, for example:
- The girl is punished.- The girl was punished.
form passive voice coincides with the "frame" of a complex subject:
- The girl is said to quit the country.- They say that she left the country.
Warning !Passive voice and complex subject to the same external form only!Translation of these designs will be different!
Then what you need is the comparison?It is necessary to actively Complex Subject to assimilate in a speech.Knowing the basics of formation of liability, you can easily create complex shapes to be in speech, without the help of pen and piece of paper.
Thus, Complex Subject, Complex Object - these are linguistic phenomena that are not inherent in the Russian language.It seems that a lot of nuances and the foreign structure complicates the process of mastering the rules.In fact, this is no big deal.The main thing - be sure to fulfill the primary skills by completing training exercises, and then move to the direct use of these complexes in the speech.
