core areas inhabited by Mari is between the Volga and its left tributary Vetluga.This Finno-Ugric peoples into all the neighboring regions and republics, many of its representatives in the Urals.Mari suit is part of a group of national costumes of the peoples of the Volga region.
ethnic structure
As each ethnic group, Mari divided into certain groups.This is usually associated with the place of residence.There are three main divisions: meadow (the most numerous), the mountain and the eastern Mari.The first occupied the area between the Volga-Vyatka, the latter live in the west of the Republic of Mari El, and some are descendants of migrants from the eastern regions of the Volga - Ural and Bashkiria.Mari suit each group has distinctive features.But the basic details of the costume all Mari same.Moreover, male and female costumes of the people in ancient times differed from each other only ornaments.
Clothing suitable to any floor
main components of the outfit include: a shirt and trousers, belt with pendants and headpiece, bast sandals and linen or wool leggings.On holidays he wore leather shoes.But tailoring festive costume repeats everyday.Only jewelry made him smart.Male Mari doing mostly seasonal occupation that facilitate contacts with their neighbors and therefore men Mari costume resembles the Russian national costume.Later, in the dress of men began to appear and factory goods.But until the 30-ies of the last century, specific national traits manifested both in the cut and finish, and in the process of wearing certain items of clothing.
Dictated living conditions
suit any nation formed under the influence of several factors, such as socio-economic, historical, and climatic conditions.Important role played by the labor that were available.For tunikovy cut shirts I explained that woven fabric on a home machine just to bend on his shoulders, to make cuts of the head.Not vykraivaya armhole sewn sides webs bent lengthwise, thus forming a sleeve.Originally woven fabric on the length of the shirt and sleeves.Mari costume was subdivided into everyday, festive and ceremonial clothing.Of course, that was the most beautiful wedding dress of the bride.Its richly decorated with embroidery, lace, braid, beads, mother of pearl shells, fur and all that prompted fantasy masters, but strict compliance standards.Color Mari clothes mainly white.Mari costume (photo attached) comfortable and happy.
distinctive features
As noted above, the basic elements of national costumes are dictated by climatic conditions.Therefore, in addition to the above parts of the set were demi-season coat (myzher) coat (uzhga), winter shoes and a hat.These things have a different style - pryamospinnye and cutting at the waist.It should be noted that all subgroups had their distinctive parts - somewhere back was trapezoidal, insert wedges form of collars was different.This includes not only clothing.For example, breeches shirt (tuvyr) in meadow, mountain and eastern Mari different location at the mouth of the cut length of the shirt.
male costume
Since ancient times, in the men's traditional costume included Mari tuvyr (shirt), the length of which fell below the knee, but by the end of the XIX century it reached only to mid-thigh.Different and pants (yolash) - in the mountain meadow and they sewed with a narrow pitch, the eastern - with a wide, which provides a cut, or a gusset.Casual wear was made of white canvas home (vyner) that wove hemp, flax less.For the manufacture of footwear used tanned animal skins, fibers, wool.Characteristic were Mari sandals woven from seven lyk, Machinery (rope wrapped around the legs) they were of the same material.
wore canvas leggings summer, in the winter of cloth.In more severe climates wore boots.Caps men, too, were mostly milled, different shapes.Later Mari traditional costume perfectly complemented boots and caps industrial production.I should add that all the holes underwear shirt (cut-end sleeves, hem) must be fobbed off with an ornament.It contains a spell of evil forces.It was the embroidery or lace.
features female costume
individual words as always, worthy female attire, featuring beauty and originality.The costumes of the peoples of the Volga region, in particular Mari but specific cut had other characteristic of the average Russian peculiarities - the material of construction for clothes (flax and hemp, bast, milled products).Use ornaments river shells, close to the north - freshwater pearls.Characteristic for the entire Volga breeches shirt in Mari variant differs in women's dress will cover the sleeves and hem.Total white dress, like in any other suit, richly decorated with distinctive embroidery Mari (round), very dense and clearly delineated.In addition, it laid the information about the owner - its belonging to a particular ethnic group, social status.Sometimes, embroidered bedspreads and spin some costume details.And of course, each local group Mari were the differences in the patterns, shape and location of the embroidery.
Ornament - "a letter from the past" and Ward
colors wool or silk embroidered cloth which were mostly all shades of red, brown.The costumes of the peoples of the Volga region, including Mari, are bright and integral part of national culture.He carries the valuable information about the people, because its roots in prehistoric times, when there were the first drawings, gradually turns into a pattern that can tell what the natives were afraid of what they do, their surroundings.
most important detail
What else, apart from the length and cut the bottom of the shirt, different outfits for men and women Mari?As noted above, the male costume Mari complement felted hat.Female same headdress worthy of individual words, because it is an essential element of attire.It is divided into women's and girls, so in addition to social status, ethnicity and age indicates mistress.
Their diversity is possible to write a separate article.In ancient times, women have used Mari various scarves and headbands - talking about it archaeological finds.The girls had two kinds of bandages - on the basis of wool and leather.They are richly decorated with beads and coins.
Intricate and unique
Women wore hemispherical takiyu that came to many of the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region.Mari woman's headdress in ancient times was supplemented with a handkerchief, folded diagonally put on takiyu and tied under the chin.Hats married women extraordinarily diverse - frame, sharp spade, polotenchatye.And all of them are divided into several subspecies.So, best known for crossword forty refers to a class shovel, and the most ancient headdress Marieke Shura is very high (40 cm) and refers to the carcass of a hat.Traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region, including Mari, echoed each other - caps on birch bark or leather frames were Mordovia, udmurdskie, Kazakh women.Initially it was a Scythian headdress.
Necessary and vivid details
mandatory attribute of the female costume is belt, apron and bib.No need to say that all these details carefully decorated.About belts can talk very long.What did they not hanged: the pockets or purses, narrow SSB and dvupolosnye towels, beautiful hands and ring.Outerwear Belts elaborate sashes.Aprons, as well as other details of the costume, embroidered and embroidered lace, lace, decorated with beads and coins.The bib can have a different shape, it is usually consisted of coins.Subtleties a better look at the attached photos.Mari costume is very beautiful.Mari women successfully complement its jewelry - rings, earrings and so on.
