meaning of the word "lobby" has certain peculiarities depending on the perspective, which considered the term.It should be said that the concept itself can be considered a cornerstone for understanding the entire thread.What does it mean to lobby?This issue requires a very detailed and detailed answer.Let us examine the concept in more detail and find out what is at the term "lobbying" are synonymous.
legal standpoint
This approach lobby - is to work with governments in a special way.In the process can participate citizens, associations, groups, individuals, businesses, organizations.In turn, they specialize in lobbying activities.Also in the process may involve other subjects of legal relations.The main goal of this cooperation is to influence the adoption of the necessary individual decisions, namely administrative, official, political, and other laws.Lobbying can be conducted on an ongoing basis.
institutional approach
From this perspective, the concept is one of the functions of the political system.It provides linkages to influence the subjects of the said system.In this case, the lobby - is to maintain a balance in society.As part of the systemic-functional approach, the method is considered as a special kind of activity, which complements the election process.Other
standpoint
Within the instrumental approach is the concept of a number of ways and options to influence the production of important state decisions.From the standpoint of the official communication trusts lobby the interests of specialists in order to save resources (intellectual, information, contacts).In determining the procedural approach represents one of the organic components of the bureaucratic system, as well as the course and rules of public decision-making.With a pluralistic point of view, the term should be understood a particular type of activity.All lobbyists are involved in the interactions are one of the parties in the development and adoption of relevant government decisions.Within the notion of corporatist approach is also some kind of activity.It involved only the most influential organizations.In this case, the lobby - a significant impact on the development of public decisions, using existing associations referred to real possibilities.As part of the psychological approach is the notion of influence to manipulation of the persons endowed with a certain power.
lobbying activities
Formally lobby - is to participate in all kinds of interactions, which contain a set of specific methods of influence on decision-making by public authorities.This activity, like all other types, contains the procedures, operations, methods, and special modes.Lobbying is closely linked with the used equipment, tools and instruments.
details
classic lobbying techniques are widely known.They are the following elements:
- contributions to election campaigns.
- appearances in committees of the State authority, as well as participating in various hearings.
- Publication of the results of parliamentary vote on the bill.
- advocacy organization, the preparation and decision-making.
- Study bills and submitting them to the corresponding discussion.
- Conducting scientific conferences involving government officials.
- presentation of research results, in particular the social surveys, with the authorities and the media.
- cooperation with the media (including the transfer of information).
- Organization of receptions and meetings for representatives of the authorities.
- bribery of officials: indirect and direct.
- Application advertising moves to draft legislation promoted.
All these elements are part of the basic arsenal of a lobbyist.
private data
representatives lobbying activities are extremely reluctant to share their professional methods.Hardly anyone wants to find a short-lived fame in exchange for really effective way to get more revenue.In addition, most of the concepts of these technologies is incorrect.The main ideological component does not have any scientific basis.Alleged scheme based solely on rumors and almost never supported by real data statistics.
agents of influence and their implementation
These surrogates penetrate the cell phones of relevant agencies and the structure of the competing companies.The principle of lobbying based on the fact that any system (a group of individuals, organizations, political institutions, and so on. D.) Need to take control to further control or destruction through the introduction of its agents.This makes it possible to influence the adoption of various decisions.Lobbyists can direct its activities to impose rules and agenda considerations controlled aspects.To perform this task, you must sting in the public supervisory authorities in power.It is also very advantageous to have their representatives in the relevant institutions.Widely practiced imposition of competitors obviously inefficient facilities.Those who outwardly seem quite promising.With this method, you can force competitors to spend a variety of resources and quickly acquire the status of incompetent professionals.Poaching officers at his side carried out not only through negotiations, but through organizing of events for themselves in a favorable light.Accordingly, they can be modeled.There is a possibility of creating artificial local crises, whose main task is to impact on the person who need a solution.With this lever it is possible to push it to the choice of the most favorable option for lobbyists.Crisis tendencies must be projected on the competition.For example, a situation in which the authorities are forced to increase the size of the tax on the part of a particular sector.Care should be taken towards these unfavorable elements for competing companies.In this situation, the best solution is to use a kind of payoff.Beneficial to establish active cooperation with common federal and regional associations.These units specialize in the protection of the interests in public authorities and can be very useful.The principle of the pyramid is best suited for the selection and acquisition of allied parties.It lies in the fact that the larger base of the structure, the higher the tip.
In conclusion
lobbying organization must have a detailed understanding of the important members of the personal weaknesses of competing structures, as well as their agents.However, these data may not always play a key role in the process.The use of this information can be extremely effectively in single situations.In any case, the high awareness saves a considerable part of the resources.Of particular importance is the work of a rival organization.Professional lobbyists will always be able to find items that can be used to discredit the boss.
