In the field of modern software with open-source word «Linux» virtually become a synonym for "Operating System", but few people know that in reality this is not the only one to date the operating system type Unix, the source code isThey are available to all.
In accordance with the data obtained from IOSC, in 1999, nearly a third of all machines that were connected to the Internet, work on the basis of the operating system Linux, while almost 15% of your operating system FreeBSD.What is this system, and to this day only a few know the modern computer users, in spite of all its advantages and widespread at the time.It is worth noting that many of the world leaders in the field of Web-services are actively working on this system.In particular, it is worth noting that to date engine Yahoo is based on FreeBSD.What are the benefits to users themselves, they are unlikely to know or even think, but the owners of the system believe that it is the right decision.
What is BSD?
BSD stands for Berkeley Software Distribution.That's in his time called the software that the University of California at Berkeley distributed in source code.It should be noted that originally addition to the standard operating system UNIX - it's the only thing that was a FreeBSD.What was that compared to the current version of the system?
based on version 4.4 BSD-Lite to create multiple operating systems with open source code.In particular, the composition of these systems include the development of other projects, including special attention deserves the project GNU.
structure
advantages and features that have this system, different structure of FreeBSD.What is the structure:
- kernel, which is designed for careful planning of all processes, memory management, working with a variety of devices, and support for multi-processor systems.It should be noted that, in contrast to the Linux operating system, in this case, there are several types of nuclei BSD, which differ in various characteristics.
- C library, which is used as the main system programming interface, and based on code from Berkeley, not the project of GNI.
- All kinds of file utilities, compilers, shells, linkers, and other end-user of the program, some of them based on the code of GNU.
- FreeBSD UNIX - an operating system that includes the X Window, which is directly responsible for the graphical interface.This system is used in most versions of BSD is advantageous and the project is officially supported by X.Org.This system allows the user to choose from multiple desktop environments, as well as a range of light window managers.
- large number of other system and application programs.
What is a real UNIX?
is worth noting that in itself FreeBSD UNIX - the operating system is always different.And the types of such systems are not clones of each other.They are the descendants of a common ancestor - the traditional operating system UNIX.This fact may surprise some, especially if you remember that the developer of the operating system never revealed to the public of their developments codes.
BSD - it is UNIX?
Indeed, the UNIX operating system never was a software has an open source code, and therefore the BSD definitely not be called a UNIX system, if only because that the GUI operating systems are different.But at the same time, the company that developed UNIX, actively use other people's development, and in particular it relates to software that is developed by the CSRG.
Originally distributions BSD, as well as the graphical user interface operating systems is a complex custom programs, and this situation lasted exactly as long as the company has not signed a contract with DARPA, subordinate to the Ministry of Defense.The purpose of the contract - this update different communication protocols, which was supported by the computer network of the agency.
Over 80s formed several companies engaged in the production of workstations, it is worth noting that many of them have acquired a license to use UNIX, instead of trying to develop from scratch its own software.In particular, the company is to provide Sun, which did so and decided on the basis of the version 4.2BSD eventually release their own OSes, which was called SunOSTM.When the company AT & amp; T, which develops UNIX, eventually decided to do business selling your own operating system, there was a fairly ascetic realization - System III, for which over time was followed as the output of System V.
For some reason, this operating systemIt remains unclaimed?
There is some number of reasons why today 10 FreeBSD uses no such high demand:
- Developers most interested in the quality of their own code, and more of its grinding and not advertising.
- By and large, the popularity of Linux is the result of a number of external factors with respect to this project, in particular as regards the media, as well as companies which have decided to form their own business by providing services to the users of this operating system.
- BSD developers at an advantage the majority are more experienced than with developers Linux, and therefore they are much less attention is paid to make life easier for ordinary users.In other words, the FreeBSD setup for the average user is more complicated than setting up Linux.
- In 1992, UNIX developers decided to sue the company BSDI, which was engaged in the supply of the operating system BSD / 386.The main charge in this case was the fact that the OS contained proprietary code, which belonged to the plaintiff, and like the case was eventually settled out of court in 1994, but a whole range of secondary claims even today poisons the lives of many people.
- It is believed that by themselves BSD projects are different and thus may even conflict with each other.This opinion is based on events that happened long ago.
Which is better - Linux or BSD?
To date most often chosen by installing the server Apache, FreeBSD instead of the traditional systems of most other Linux.For the average user, the difference between these systems is surprisingly low since the two products based on UNIX.Both systems are developed on a commercial basis.
Who owns BSD?
It is worth noting that there is a particular person or company that would be owned by the development of BSD.The development and subsequent dissemination of this system is a whole group of highly skilled and dedicated project while specialists from around the world.Certain components of BSD are separate projects with open source, which has its own laws and development teams.
What did you choose?
choice between these operating systems is really quite complex, so there are several tips that will allow you to choose which option is best - Linux and FreeBSD.Teams in both cases are quite similar, so the choice can often be based on the following:
- If you have used the Open Source operating system, in this case, you should not even change anything.
- FreeBSD system can exhibit much higher performance, but this rule is not universal.
- BSD systems differ quite a good reputation, and especially reliability.
- BSD-projects are more good reputation due to the fact that they are of high quality and completeness of the available documentation.
- On BSD can use the predominant majority of executables Linux, while Linux can not use many of the executable files on BSD.
provide technical support and services FreeBSD - ports and the system - the company FreeBSD Mall, Inc.
