naval operations have a mass of unique features.No wonder the naval service in particular has always been considered honorable, and the title of "Admiral" almost always valued higher than generals.One of the features of the battle on the water is that it is always possible to wait for an attack not only on the part of the enemy surface ships and planes, but also out of the water.
submarines Germans have become a real nightmare for the Allies during the Second World War, at the bottom of the Atlantic by sending millions of tons of cargo and thousands of ships.The Soviet Union praised the German contribution to the development of the submarine fleet, starting in the postwar period enhanced the development in this direction.
When pronouncing the word "submarine" most people immediately an association with a huge submarine ship carrying deadly cargo on board in the form of heavy ballistic missiles capable of bring huge problems likely opponent.Thus ordinary people forget that in today's Navy is not less valuable are the small diesel-electric submarines.They are indispensable in subversive fact, covert landing on a hostile shore.
One of the most successful projects was the submarine "Lada".About it today and we will tell.
General
Court Project 667 designed for reconnaissance and sabotage activities against surface ships and submarines of the enemy, protect coastal areas from enemy assault, as well as for the production of minefields and other similar problems.Thus, the submarine "Lada", which has a picture in the paper is optimally suited for the tasks it is of modern warfare, which requires maximum mobility and stealth.
peculiarity submarines of this series is the scheme of their construction, called "three-quarter".The fact that the body (made of steel AB-2) has the same diameter throughout its length.In contrast to the big nuclear submarines, bow and stern have a well-defined spherical shape.Thanks bulkheads body is divided into five separate sections.Three decks of the ship.
Impressive hydrodynamic characteristics are provided thanks to a specially designed body particularly well streamlined.Drawer units have exactly the same barrier, which are characterized by ships of the project 877, but made a cruciform tail empennage, and the front steering wheels are mounted on the fence.This was done in order that they may create the least possible interference in sonar equipment, which is equipped with a submarine.The "Harmony" in this sense is a real benchmark: it is extremely quiet, it is very difficult to detect by means of sonar and underwater acoustics.
Armament submarines
main means of defense and attack are the six vehicles to launch torpedoes caliber 533 mm, with two mines on the upper deck are designed for firing guided munitions.The standard ammunition included 18 torpedoes.Most often, the submarine "Lada 677" uses a generic type of ammunition (SAET-60M, UGST), special torpedoes to destroy enemy submarines.On board may be cruise missiles, as well as 22 mines model DM-1.It is possible to combat the use of anti-missiles "Squall."
system allows firing a single shot and salvo firing of six mines simultaneously.For overcharging torpedo meets complex "Murena", which enables the entire operation in a fully automatic mode.The whole process is completely controlled from the command of the commander of the item which is equipped with a submarine.The "Harmony" was the first in the Soviet Union the development of non-nuclear submarine ship, which would be used by a number of complex and high-performance automation.
to protect boats from the enemy combat aircraft, the crew can take advantage of the six models of MANPADS "Igla-1M".Coordination of all the combat systems is provided through the use of "Lithium".Thus, the submarine "Lada" weapons which we have painted, with its small dimensions is able to deliver a big problem to any enemy.
sonar complex During
sonar exploration meets the complex "Lira", which includes the powerful sensitive antenna.The unit consists of just three antennas, one of which is located at the bow of the submarine, and two - mounted on its sides.Engineers maximize their diameter for the accuracy of the measurement of underwater noise.Thus, the front antenna occupies almost all the space in the bow of the submarine.In the event of damage to the on-board equipment has produced sonar equipment that submarine "Lada" (Project 677) can tow behind him on the march.
Navigation system
navigation system - inertial type.Responsible for the provision of data on the exact location of the ship, as well as the definition of the optimum speed at which the on-board equipment can be used with maximum efficiency.
As part of the system has a periscope equipment such as the Criminal Procedure Code "Sail-98", which is composed of the following elements:
- penetrating periscope the commander, "Sail-98KP."Has a full-time and low-level channels (optical and TV).The degree of increase varies from 1.5 to 12X, can recording observed data.
- mast PHC, penetrating type "Sail-98UP."In fact, a multi-function universal periscope.As part of the design - two channels (full-time and low-level), the degree of increase - like the commander of the telescope has a high-performance laser rangefinder.
Thus, the submarine "Lada", which we briefly TTX painted, can equally well be used in daytime and nighttime conditions.She always remains invisible to the enemy.
Other elements of the navigation system
The most important element is the radar system radar model KRM-66 "Kodak".Its membership includes active and passive radio channels can be operated in the combined mode.With the active use can be activated specifically protected, hidden communication channel.It gives a full picture of the situation surrounding the submarine (including the above-water), but it did not unmask the ship.In this sense, the submarine "Lada" (Project 677) is in many respects a unique place, unique in the world did not, as it may sound trite the expression.
digital communication system model "Distance".It allows you to exchange information on a secure channel bidirectional transmission of information to coastal command posts, ships and aircraft (Provided at periscope depth).If you need to send an important message to the extra large depth, using towed antenna outlet.This equipment is in very rugged, its ability to protect even in the case of hostilities.Simply put, "Harmony" - the boat is very tenacious.
Finally, a set of navigation equipment "Appassionata".It comprises an inertial type navigation system, and a module satellite navigation GPS / GLONASS.The accuracy of determining the location when it is used is extremely high, but it depends on the proximity of the base station for the corrections of a "provider".
Powerplant
«heart" of the submarine is a diesel-electric propulsion system, made under the scheme, which provides for the movement solely on electric go.This differs from foreign analogues submarine "Lada".TTC (transport and technical systems) foreign ships of this class may provide the motion only on the diesel engine.
diesel engine is located in the fourth compartment.To generate electricity are the two brands of generator 28DG, coupled with rectifiers rated at 1000 kW each.Energy is stored in the two groups of storage batteries.Each of these elements is 126 (they are in the first and third compartments).Total cumulative capacity of the entire system in peak condition - 10580 kW / h.The working engine - electric, excited by permanent magnets.Mark SED-1, the specific power is 4100 kW.
selected engine power and capacity of the batteries are not accidental.The fact that it is in this relationship becomes possible accelerated loading batteries, which is almost twice reduces the presence of the submarine at periscope depth.As a part of the generator is no brush current collection devices, maintenance and operation of the entire system is greatly simplified and is much safer.In this respect, "Lada" - boat, largely ahead of its time.
basic scheme of the engines
variable speed electric power unit acts as the main mover in all marching condition of the vehicle.In principle, we have said that traffic on diesel alone during stipulated in principle.Propeller has seven blades, made of a special, low-noise technology.This situation was largely achieved thanks to the form of saber blades, which produces minimal noise when driving.In addition, the submarine has two remote steering column RDK-35 mark.
maximum attainable speed on the surface reaches 21 knots.The submerged submarine does not accelerate above 10 knots.Cruising range is about 6,000 miles, but when driving economic progress can extend the life of about another 650 miles.
about living and working conditions of the crew vessel
The crew includes 35 people.To rescue people in case of emergency rescue system provided KSU-600.It involves an automatic remote release liferafts model PSNL-20.A total of two pieces, they are located in the superstructure for the sliding devices.
living area is located on the submarine in the third compartment.Unlike surface ships of the USSR and the Russian Federation, the crew made a very good living conditions.For personnel are double cabins.Every officer put a separate room.
Eating happens in the mess room with pantry facilities.Food supply, depending on their characteristics and storage requirements are placed in cooled and uncooled storerooms.In recent years, the submarine of this series were installed galley equipment new model: the very compact dimensions it provides the preparation of a full and varied food rations crew.
Fresh water is stored in tanks of stainless steel.Add fresh water supply of food can be directly in field conditions.For this purpose, provided desalination plants, which are used for the heat from the diesel engine.In general, when a regular flow of water reserves hike is enough to ensure not only domestic, but also technical needs.Fully loaded with all the necessary submarine remains autonomous for 45 days.
Further operation and prospects of the ship
As it often happens, the submarine "Lada" not too successfully coped with the test of time.The fact that its characteristics do not meet modern requirements that apply to this class of ships.So, at the moment, intensive work on the creation of anaerobic power plants.At the end of 2012, the desire to buy six submarines of Project 677 "Lada" expressed India, a long-time strategic partner of our country.
Simply put, the country needs such a diesel-electric submarines, which could be in the military campaigns as soon as possible for a long time, without the need for lifting even to periscope depth.Submarine "Lada", airindependent power plant which will be brought to perfection, will be able to make many months "swim."It should be noted that research in this area are quite successful.
What's new?
innovations in the proven design of the ship will be made a lot.The developer acts company famous CDB ME "Rubin".In mid-2013 it was finally decided that the submarine "Lada" will continue to be in service with the Russian Navy.The modernized, of course, the version.
Much attention was paid to the modernization of domestic experts onboard electronic systems.Was completely rethought automatic torpedo settings almost completely redone (including the use of modern technology) electric power plant mechanic.
not remained "bypassed" and the navigation: considering how many new solutions have been incorporated into it, we can say that the system is re-established.It is not surprising that such a submarine "Lada" inevitably attracts the attention of foreign customers.
first the stocks will come down "Kronstadt".Oddly enough, but the former "old ladies" who are willing to write off, today became one of the most advanced non-nuclear submarines in the world.It's safe to say that while maintaining the pace of work they would be happy to acquire not only the home of the Navy, but also many foreign customers, supporting the country's budget.
However, as much as possible boat Project 677 "Lada" Today Russia is needed, as these ships are an excellent means of protection of maritime borders and coasts, which our country has in abundance.
