Kung Fu Tzu, or, in the westernized form, Confucius - a Chinese philosopher, whose name became a household word.It symbolizes the main provisions of Culture of China.We can say, Confucius and his teachings are the heritage of Chinese civilization.Philosopher was surrounded by honor even in communist times, although Mao Zedong and tried to oppose his own theories.It is known that the main ideas of statehood, social relations and relations between people Traditional China built precisely on the basis of Confucianism.These principles were laid down in the sixth century BC.
Confucius and his teachings became popular along with the philosophy of Lao Tzu.The latter based his theory has put the idea of the universal way - "dao", which in some way move as a phenomenon, and living beings and even inanimate things.The philosophical teachings of Confucius is the complete opposite of the ideas of Lao Tzu.He was not very interested in abstract ideas of a general nature.Throughout his life he devoted to the development of the principles of the practice, culture, ethics and policy.His biography tells us that the philosopher lived in a very turbulent time - the so-called "Age of Warring States," when human life and well-being of entire societies depended on the case, intrigue, military luck, and no stability, not even in sight.
Confucius and his teachings became so famous because thinker actually left untouched traditional religious morality of the Chinese people, but gave it a streamlined character.In this way he tried to stabilize both public and interpersonal relationships.He based his theory on the "five pillars".The basic principles of the teachings of Confucius - "Ren and Li, Zhi Xin".
first word about means that Europeans would translate as "humanness."However, the main Confucian virtue is more like the ability to sacrifice for the common good of its own, that is to compromise its interests for the sake of others."I" - a concept that combines justice, duty and sense of duty."Lie" - essential in the society and culture of rites and rituals that give life and strength of the order."Zhi" - the knowledge necessary to manage and conquest of nature."Blue" - a trust, without which there can be no real power.
Thus, Confucius and his teachings legitimize the hierarchy of virtues proceeding, according to the philosopher, directly from the laws of heaven.No wonder thinker believed that the government has a divine nature and the governor - the prerogatives of a supreme being.If the state is strong, the people prospered.That's what he said.
Any ruler - the monarch, the emperor - a "son of heaven."But it can only be described of a gentleman who does not create arbitrary, and takes command of the skies.Then the divine laws will apply to society.The more civilized society and refined culture, so they are further away from nature.Therefore, art and poetry must be something special, delicious.How to raise a person is different from the primitive and differs from raunch culture that glorifies not passion, and teaches restraint.
This virtue is not only useful in family and neighborly relations, but also good management.The State, the family (especially parents) and society - that's what needs to think first of all members of society.Own the passions and feelings, he is obliged to keep within the strict framework.To be able to obey, listen to elders and superiors, and must come to terms with the reality of any civilized person.These are briefly the main ideas of the famous Confucius.
