son of a bricklayer and Athenian midwife, who was born, apparently, in the year 469 BC, he became known worldwide.Biography of Socrates - the "father" of idealist philosophy - is available to us by multiple sources.First of all, it is the works of his follower Plato wrote "Apology" of his teacher, and the work of Xenophon.Himself the hero of this article did not write any works, and was satisfied talking with their listeners.He believed that in this way develops in them the art of thinking.In addition, the biography of Socrates (or rather, some data on it) can be partially recovered from Aristophanes' comedy "Clouds".However, this work is read rather a caricature of a famous philosopher, whose Greek writer confused with his opponents - representatives of the school of the Sophists.
famous Athenian philosopher, who was called "The Gadfly" Athenians, lived in the era of the Peloponnesian War.At the peak of his contemporaries-the Sophists, he did not call himself a sage.He invented the word "philo-sophia."That is Socrates considered himself a lover of wisdom, saying he did not know anything for sure, and it is only known exactly.He criticized the principles of democracy native Greek polis, was objectionable to many, angered eminent citizens and the accusations of blasphemy and was eventually sentenced to death.Here are a few words of his brief biography.Socrates, despite such scant information about him, gave birth to a whole school of philosophical thought, which in Soviet textbooks called "objective idealism."
The main difference between the Athenian "gadfly" of the Sophists was that he felt it was important not only to the subjective factor in cognition ("man is the measure of all things"), but also an objective.The last he believed mind.It was he, "Nous" - the substance is of divine origin in the human brain, and he is the judge of all subjective.Through Mind truth available to us.Otherwise, everyone remains at the opinion and there is no common purpose can not be.The guarantor of the approximation to the truth is Daymonion (inner voice, conscience).Creativity philosopher has his own life.Biography of Socrates shows us that he was very serious about his views.Philosophy, from his point of view - this is the art of living well.Therefore, the main subject of reflection should be an ontology (what happened and where), and ethics.
biography of Socrates, however, speaks to the fact that the question of knowledge, too, was for him a priority.We must seek the essence, to detect the total of the set.But this induction is only good for ethics, for so you can only know themselves and develop their virtues - self-restraint, justice, courage ... the only way to achieve the common goal of mankind - an absolute good.Many biographers Socrates believed that he was a "rationalist ethics."After all, the philosopher believed that if you know about virtue, it can and practice.To do this, there are a method that Socrates "spied" from his mother - maieutics.This kind of dialectics, with which you can push the interlocutor to the fact that he found the right answer.
Among the many disciples of Socrates, Alcibiades was a politician.Rumor has it that he was carnal love with the philosopher, but the latter rejected his proposal.He believed that all sorts of bodily relations prevent such virtues as self-restraint.Socrates saved the politician and military commander during the battle with the Spartans, being armed only with a club - one of the soldiers wanted to kill unarmed philosopher.
But friendship with Alcibiades badly affected the fate of the thinker.The political situation in Athens has changed policies fell into disfavor, and Socrates was accused that does not honor the gods and corrupting youth.Philosopher kept very proudly during the trial and said that not worthy of punishment, and the highest of honors.However, he was sentenced to death.As a free man, he drank poison (by the way, not hemlock, according to legend, and, obviously, the infusion hemlock) and thanked Asclepius (god of healing) for recovery.So thinker expressed his desire to get to a better world than the one in which he lived before.This occurred in 399 BC.The philosopher Socrates, whose biography was briefly described in this article, did exemplary and instructive not only his life, but death.
