traditional mechanism of taxation in the state acts on the basis of binding to the taxpayer allotments.To those peoples who were hunters and gatherers, they were used other types of taxes - including the so-called tribute.What is it and how to form Yasachnaya file - can be found in this article.
emergence of fur tax
Times Ermak and expansion of Muscovy far east brought the state a lot of specific problems to solve that require unconventional methods.Indigenous peoples of Siberia had no land and therefore could not be enslaved.Thus arose the term "tribute".The word comes from the Bashkir "yaһaҡ", which means a tax or a tax.Usually, this homage was taken from the fur hunters of small nationalities, each inhabited the ulus (region) eastern outskirts of Moscow principality.
levying tribute
One of the most common taxes in the Russian Empire was a tribute.What is it - knew firsthand the peoples of Siberia, the nomadic peoples of the Yenisei, Irkutsk, Tomsk provinces, as well as residents of Transbaikalia and Yakutia.The process of collection has much in common with the same tax collection in Central Asia.Thus, in the history of tribute remained as one of the most uncivilized methods of operation of the local people.
payer of tribute was administered every hunter aged 18 to 50 years.In each region, the amount of taxes was set differently.The surviving account books of the Yenisei district in 1621 talking about the collection from the population of these districts tribute of 12 sables person.Of these, 11 were self Yasaka skins, and the twelfth was a "sovereign's funeral feast."Yenisei fur taxes were among the highest in Siberia.For comparison, in Tyulkina in the same county in 1621 it was collected only 99 sable, sable rate of 0.4 per person.One reason for this gap was servile position of the people who paid tribute.What is it forced to small nations who several times a year were subjected to raids prieniseyskih Kyrgyz and Angara Tungus, now can only guess.Perhaps to protect small nations against the raids of militant neighbors and was the main reason that the process proceeded relatively peacefully obyasachivaniya and weighty military clashes on this basis were recorded.
Replacement tribute tribute
annual shoot furry animals for two centuries greatly impoverished fauna of Eastern Siberia.Decrees of Catherine II in 1763, and in 1782 part of the tribute they were allowed to give money, but the preference is still given to the kind of tribute.To clearly define the list of people, who paid pushno lodge was established even as managing the collection of tribute.At the end of the XIX century it was revised register of the peoples who had to pay tribute to the treasury.What is it and what people should have to pay this kind of tax, it was stated in the law, replaces natural dues money tax.Finally tribute ceased to be charged only after the 1917 revolution.
