scale of human activity in the last few hundred years have grown immeasurably, so there are new anthropogenic factors.Examples of the impact of the place and role of humanity in the changing environment - all this later in the article.
What is the human environment?
part of the nature of the Earth, in which live organisms - this is their habitat.Emerging with relationships, lifestyle, productivity, population ecology studies the creatures.There are the basic components of nature: soil, water and air.There are organisms that are adapted to living in a medium or three, for example the coastal plant.
individual elements that interact with living creatures and each other - environmental factors.Each of them is indispensable.But in recent decades, planetary significance acquire anthropogenic factors.Although half a century ago, the influence of society on nature did not pay enough attention, but 150 years ago the science of ecology was in its infancy.
What are the environmental factors?
terms of the environment can be very diverse: space, information, energy, chemical, climatic.Any natural components of the physical, chemical or biological - environmental factors.They are directly or indirectly affect the separate biological individuals, populations, the entire biocenosis.Not least there is the phenomena related to human activities, such as disturbance.On the vital activity of organisms, the state of biocenoses and geographic shell is influenced by many human factors.Examples:
- increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leads to climate change;
- monoculture in agriculture causes outbreaks of certain damaging organisms;
- fires lead to a change in plant communities;
- deforestation and the construction of hydroelectric power station changes the mode of the rivers.
What are the environmental factors?
conditions affecting the living organisms and their environment, on the properties can be attributed to one of three groups:
- inorganic or abiotic factors (solar radiation, air temperature, water, wind, salinity);
- biotic conditions, are associated with the cohabitation of microorganisms, animals, plants, influencing each other in the inanimate nature;
- anthropogenic environmental factors - the cumulative effect of the Earth's population into the countryside.
All of these groups are important.Each environmental factor is irreplaceable.For example, the abundance of water does not make the amount needed for plant nutrition mineral elements and light.
What anthropogenic factor?
basic science, studying the environment - global ecology, human ecology and environmental protection.They are based on data from theoretical ecology, widely used concept of "human factors."Anthropos in Greek means "the people», genos means "origin".The word "factor" comes from the Latin factor («makes producing").So called conditions affecting the process, their driving force.
Any human impact on living organisms, the whole environment - is anthropogenic factors.Examples there are both positive and negative.There are cases of favorable changes in nature in relation to environmental management.But most of society negatively, sometimes devastating impact on the biosphere.
place and the role of human factor in changing the face of the Earth
Any kind of economic activity of the population affects the relationship between living organisms and the natural habitat, often leads to their violation.In place of the natural systems and landscapes there are man-made:
- fields, orchards and gardens;
- reservoirs, ponds, canals;
- parks, forest plantations;
- cultivated pastures.
on man-similarity of natural systems in the future anthropogenic influence, biotic and abiotic environmental factors.Examples: the formation of deserts - on agricultural plantations;overgrowing ponds.
As a man affects nature?
Humanity - part of the biosphere of the Earth - over a long period is completely dependent on the surrounding natural environment.With the development of the nervous system, particularly the brain, thanks to the improvement of tools man himself has become a factor in the evolutionary and other processes on Earth.First of all it is necessary to mention the mastery of mechanical, electrical and nuclear energy.As a result, significantly changed the upper part of the Earth's crust, increased biogenic migration of atoms.
All variety of effects on the environment of society - this is man-made.Examples of negative impact:
- reduction of mineral reserves;
- deforestation;
- soil pollution;
- hunting and fishing;
- extermination of wild species.
positive human impact on the biosphere due to environmental protection measures.It is reforestation and afforestation, greening and beautification of settlements, acclimatization of animals (mammals, birds, fish).
What is being done to improve the relationship between man and the biosphere?
The above examples of man-made environmental factors, human intervention in nature suggests that the impact may be positive or negative.These characteristics are conditional, because a positive impact when changed conditions often becomes its opposite, ie. E. Takes on a negative connotation.Activities population increasingly harmful to nature than good.This fact is explained by a violation of natural laws, acting over millions of years.
in 1971 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was approved by the International Biological Program, entitled "Man and Biosphere".Its main task was to study and prevention of adverse changes in the environment.In recent years, adult and children's environmental organizations, academic institutions are very concerned about the conservation of biological diversity.
How to improve the health of the environment?
We found out what the anthropogenic factor in ecology, biology, geography and other sciences.Note that the well-being of human society, the life of the present and future generations depend on the quality and impact of economic activity on the environment.It is necessary to reduce the environmental risks associated with the increasing role of negative anthropogenic factors.
According to the researchers, even the conservation of biological diversity is not enough to ensure the health of the environment.It may be unfavorable to human life at its previous biodiversity, but powerful radiation, chemical and other types of pollution.
obvious link between the health of nature, man and the degree of influence of anthropogenic factors.To mitigate the negative impacts need to form a new attitude towards the environment, the responsibility for the safe existence of wildlife and biodiversity.
