quite popular subject of psychological research are cognitive processes of humans and animals.Depending on the complexity is divided into three levels of mental or psychological reflection of reality: that sensation and perception, representation and the highest - verbal and logical level.Try to understand more the first.
sensory-perceptual processes
Perceptive - perceive it, if you say otherwise.Perception is the knowledge and ultimately the formation of a complete image in the mind of an object or phenomenon of the environment.Immediately it should be noted that the direct sensations and perceptions differ.Despite the fact that no individual sensations that arise as a result of the reality on the senses (sensors), the perception could not exist, it is not limited to them.
Sensations provide the basis, but the perceptive - it is qualitatively different process, more active and intelligent.For example, you can compare how you can just hear the sounds and listen, see and purposeful look, observe someone or something.
basic properties of perception
great theoretical work devoted to a detailed analysis of sensory-perceptual organization of a person, the author is well-known Soviet psychologist BG Ananiev.From the point of view of experts in this area, the following special features of perception:
- Objectivity: our perception is aimed at the selection of a particular object from the surrounding area and its study.
- structurally.For example, we can easily understand the text, even if it rearranged the letters.This is due to the fact that it reflects the composition of written, which remained unchanged.
- integrity, that is just a perception of an object or person as a whole, rather than disparate parts.
- meaningfulness - the ability to understand the importance of image perception, define its specific character and attributed to any category.
- constancy of the properties of things, despite the conditions and physical conditions in which a person perceives them.
- activity and selectivity of perception - the preference of some objects in the knowledge of others.
differences of perception and apperception
Along perception, release the closely related concept of apperception.Perceptual process - this perception.Apperception also a reception and processing of visual, auditory, and other information.Adding to the basic concept of consoles An- intended to show the complexity of perception.We do not just hear, see, feel the taste, smell and touch - the result of an individual passes through a prism.It necessarily includes previous perceptual experience on which to pass judgment on the subject.So we compare every image with the existing standards of shape - a circle or a triangle is, the color - green or aqua shade and so on. D.
specific knowledge and skills, the current state mediate our study of the world and determine the differences in the perception of different people.Big influence personal characteristics - aptitude, interest, character and way of life in general, buyout influence, including the perception of ourselves.
Perceptual communication
Of what does it consist of?As we found out, perceptive - a synonym for the perceiver.Sensing can not just inanimate objects, animals, and the ratio is formed in terms of "man-man".This means that even in dialogue, there perceptual side.That is the perception and evaluation of others.Perceptual communication also involves the ability to feel and mood of the interlocutor, to understand their needs and desires, motives.
There are a number of factors which may affect interpersonal interaction.Firstly, it is a fact the superiority of the other according to certain parameters, which is why it is perceived as an authoritative person and, therefore, have a positive image.Second, the visual appeal of the partner.Great sympathy are beautiful people.Third, relative to the observer.If your partner treats you well, then, most likely, it will cause the same reciprocal feelings.Each of these items can reduce the adequacy of social perception and significant impact on the impression of someone.
