Asked about that article is a rare person will say that it is a well-known document early 18th century.But in many dictionaries and today along with this interpretation of the term, as a category or type of product, you can find another explanation.We educated people and find out what the article is, in all its meanings.At the same time, and recall a little history of his country.
The era of the legendary reformer and innovator Peter I is known not only "window to Europe", the development of education and the change in the status of the state (which is under Peter of Russia began to speak as an empire), but also the emergence of new requirements and norms of legislation, education and management.The emergence of the state of the fleet and the Secretariat of the Senate and the Office of the mystery - it is only a fraction of transformation that has undergone the Russian state at the time.
One of the main developments and remarkable documentary framework, along with the law, dubbed the "Table of Ranks," became Peter's Marine charter and Marking military.About him, and will continue the story.Published at the beginning of the XVIII century (more specifically - in 1716), he became the most important of its kind and, to some extent revolutionary document.
So what Marking military, which after so many years, does not cease to be regarded as a monument of Russian law?It can be called the military penal code.This article is the first Military clearly stated not only all possible crimes (the bulk of the military), but also the order and penalty applicable to the offender rules.Recall that many crimes to the commissioning of this Code versed in ecclesiastical court, and a variety of domestic crime and is not taken into account.Moreover, even the term "crime" did not exist as such.
Military Marking is a very orderly system of 24 chapters, subdivided into separate articles.At the same time, defining the crime, some chapters contain clarifications which allow to soften, or vice versa, to toughen the punishment for the act.In other words, the Military Code in proceedings crimes began to consider concepts such as intent and harming innocent, negligence and defense.The law was considered as a crime, not only the abandonment or desertion of post, but drunkenness and failure to attend prayer.As criminal acts have been considered not only the actions that are prohibited by law, but also can cause damage to the State as a whole.
Talking about what Marking military, not to mention the fact that in this document can be traced back some hints of humanism and attempts to come to the issues of crime and punishment more humane.However, the severity of the punishment, traditional for those times, found it reflected.All political crimes (rebellion, resentment and, of course, treason) punishable only measure - death penalty.Death was waiting and those accused of blasphemy and witchcraft.As punishment used such a truly medieval measures like cutting off the tongue with a hot iron of torture, branding, beating whip.Criminals were sent to prison in irons or chained and kept in prisons.However, no exception are cases when the death penalty was changed to a less severe measure.
Summing up all the above, we note that not only the Military Code was the first of its kind in the country's penal code, he introduced the general rules of the trial, streamlined management of the investigation and the trial.
