Any product that can be purchased in a store or supermarket, goes a long way from the manufacturer through multiple suppliers to counter closest to the point of sale to the consumer.And if the manufacturer knows what it produces, and how to contact with their goods, the suppliers, and even more so - they hired employees may not be aware of this.So often on the shelves gets spoiled or damaged goods, and sometimes that does counterfeit.To deliver the ultimate consumer only quality products, in the form in which it was conceived by the manufacturer, there is a mandatory labeling of goods.
concept marking
under the label should be understood sign, which may consist of words, symbols, legends, with elements of holographic protection or without.Task marking - to provide the person holding the product in their hands, the details of it without violating the integrity of the package.
Types labeling
Depending on the purpose of a particular marking distinguished:
1. warning marking - notify the use of the product features, such as struck-through aquarium means you can not put items on top of the heavy stuff.
2. Marking of general consumer information about the product - this marking is applied on the request of the guest, and must contain in text form basic information about consumer properties of product: weight, color, and so on. D.
3. The transport marking - indicates the transport regulationsproduct and possible manipulation with it.For example, an inverted glass means that the goods are fragile.Often the marking and transport in the form of text, such as the words "Do not throw," which does not require comment.
4. Marking certification marks - due to the fact that some products can be produced only with a special permit or license, the presence of a certification mark on a product indicates the presence of such permission by the manufacturer.As a rule, certification marks consist of pictures, texts and symbols with holographic protection.The most popular is a certification mark of the excise mark.
5. Trademarks - pointing to the affiliation to a specific product brand.The presence of this mark indicates the authenticity of such products.
6. eco-label - it indicates that the use of the product does not harm the environment, and can also indicate the presence in the product of certain harmful to nature and human ingredients.
7. special labeling, which is peculiar to dangerous and especially dangerous product groups, such as acid and explosives.Special marking on the goods reported by the maximum allowable properties of the environment for the storage and transportation of such goods.
8. Bar code, or, as it used to be called, strip code is an international standardized labeling.The bar code is easily recognizable by their bands, and contains all the necessary information about the product for its placing on the market - namely, information about country of origin, the code of goods under international classifier, manufacturer code and the code indicating the presence of licenses and permits.
bar code comes in two basic forms: linear, in fact, strip dimensional code, known as a qr-code.The two-dimensional code is able to fit more information than linear as possible to read the information not only horizontally but also vertically.As a rule, qr-code contains the address of the goods production capacities and the manufacturer's website, and, perhaps, and phone numbers.In principle, a two-dimensional code can encrypt absolutely any information.Barcodes also simplify management of inventory control and cash management services in supermarkets using computerized trading equipment.
Marking GOST
Russian Federation inherited and retained the all-Union State Standard, which is now called the state standard of the Russian Federation.The value of it is that for every product or familiar things there is a uniform standard of quality, as evidenced by appropriate labeling of the product.
GOST standards established in the USSR is absolutely for all products manufactured in the Soviet Union.Save marking goods GOST allowed to keep the authenticity of the products produced from the Soviet era.For example, doctoral sausage, whoever she is not released, shall be composed of the same ingredients, registered in the guests and prepared adhering to the standard formulation.Of course, modern manufacturers, trying to save, go to the tricks, product specially developed technical specifications, while slightly modifying the product name.For example, not "Vologda butter" and "Vologda butter extra", and so on. D. Today, every manufacturer can obtain a permit to output according to its own specifications, but no one has the right to produce goods with the name for labeling guests who are not meeting the requirements ofstandard.
Food labeling
on all food produced in Russia or imported into its territory should be made mandatory labeling of goods.Standard requires manufacturers and others who follow the rules.For product labeling should be required to include the name of the product, according to the state standards or technical conditions specified its volume or weight, state-of manufacturers and importers, the composition of the product, its energy value.And under what conditions you want to store this product, its shelf life and the dependence of this term on the storage conditions.If the product requires additional processing, the label must be specified recipe, as well as how the product should be taken as food.Labelling of food products may contain other information at the request of the manufacturer.For example, there may be mentioned a combination of and recommendations for other products.
course, labeling rules concerning the commodity, and are allowed to use their common sense.Of course, no one will prosecute the manufacturer of potato chips that are not placed on the packaging information on how and you need to eat, but at the same time, the importer of pineapples or some more exotic fruit would have to meet all the above rules on labeling goodsand indicate on the label instructions for the preparation of his food.Because of the peel and pineapple can be hurt if you try to chew it, and tropical fruits, and all may contain toxic inedible parts.
rules are set for packaging of certain types of goods.For example, plastic containers or container must be carried out only food grade plastic.Dairy products may only be packed in sealed containers.Eggs can be implemented only in special trays, and so on. D.
Marking of nonfoods
All that is not intended for human consumption are also subject to mandatory labeling requirements for which are already less critical.
marking non-food products should consist of items of goods, the legal name of the manufacturer, the country of origin of goods, rules of its operation, the important properties and other information which the manufacturer deems it necessary to convey to the consumer.Since most of this information fits into the barcode, and it is often limited to a manufacturer of non-food goods than puzzling potential buyer who does not want to buy "a pig in a poke."
Marking Russian products still remains at the stage of development, therefore, can not always contain complete information about the product.Clarification of the Government of the Russian Federation on the procedure for labeling goods, on the one hand talk about the need to adhere strictly to the established standards, on the other - to act on discretion, and the third - not to put goods on all existing types of labeling just in case.In these rules, and easy to get lost, so is still marking is done primarily for representatives of trade, and only then - for the consumer.
specific requirements for the packaging of non-food products do not have, except for items relating to the dangerous, very dangerous and highly flammable, as well as an allowed weapons.Such products can be stored and transported in special containers, containers and boxes, as well as be accompanied by an appropriate warning label, which must contain handling marks labeling.
Excisable goods
harshest labeling requirements relating to excise goods group.By excisable goods in Russia are alcohol, except beer and cider, tobacco products, fuels and lubricants.Marking of excise goods is to apply for the goods tax stamps - so as to open the container or packaging without damaging the brand, it was impossible.Excise goods marking includes information on the manufacturer, the number of his license, the amount of excise duty for a specific product, as well as its name.
excise stamps is a fiscal document public reporting and is under strict control.
stands apart marking laser discs recorded on them subject to copyright.Such goods are marked with special license brands that structurally resemble the excise, but, unlike them, are produced with a laser Special production enterprises under strict government control.
Terms labeling and packaging of goods for transportation by air
air transport are associated with increased risk, so to goods carried by such transport, are subject to more stringent requirements, including with respect to labeling.For air travel is allowed only items in square or rectangular containers, tanks and other containers of regular geometric shape.Markings on the containers and other packaging rectangular and square must be on the sides and top of the container.It should include the mandatory labeling of food or non-food, special labeling, environmental, transport labeled with handling marks.The marking should contain information about the weight of the goods net and gross, that is, as a package, and without it.
Package size goods must correspond to the dimensions of the transport space, defined by the rules of domestic and international air travel.In addition, each product must occupy the place.
Duty labeling requirements
On whom the law rests with the packaging and labeling of goods and compliance with prescribed requirements - the main issue of concern to each business entity in the field of trade.Under current law, such obligations imposed on all business entities, whose activities are related to the production and sale of goods transport.But these responsibilities have some differences.
manufacturer is obliged to make, or in the case of excise stamps or license - purchase the required number of marks for its products and to ensure their correct application to the goods.The manufacturer is responsible for compliance with the quality of its product data indicated on the label, since the release of goods from the conveyor prior to its purchase by the end user.
carrier who transports goods, is responsible for the integrity of the marking on the product after receiving the goods from the sender to the recipient of delivery.This carrier is never liable for the content of labeling and product compliance, as well as damage to the labeling, if the violation of integrity has been fixed at the time of receiving the goods the sender.
wholesalers and retailers are obliged to ensure the integrity and readability of labeling goods in his stall.Tellingly, the seller is not responsible for the inconsistency of data marking the real properties of the goods, but at the same time, be liable to the buyer for non-compliance information to the label of the shopping, that is an oral offer of the seller, the real quality of the goods.Thus, if the manufacturer has deliberately or accidentally inflicted on the tube television labeling plasma, and the seller, without examining the goods, sells his factory marking, he will be responsible to the purchaser for the deterioration of the goods claimed in the offer, according to the law "On Protection of Consumers' Rights.In this case, the seller will have the right to bring similar claims of the manufacturer.
It should be noted that the seller must notify the buyer of all the properties of purchased goods, and not the information specified in the labeling that the buyer and he can read.It is also important to understand the distinction between the responsibilities of the seller for the sale of goods without the mandatory labeling, and sale of excisable goods with the same defect.Attract Seller first category to justice can only be detected the sale of goods without proper labeling.In the case of excisable goods simply to discover such goods in the warehouse of the seller, not the overhead escorted to return to the violation of the excise labels.
responsibility for violation of the rules of marking
for violation of the rules of labeling provides for administrative liability to a fine, with confiscation of goods or without it.The amount and type of liability depends on the objective side of the offense, that is, on what specific wrongful act committed person responsible for the presence of marking.
Improper labeling of food and non-food products per se is punishable by a fine, but may mask a more serious offense, or crime - the sale of counterfeit goods and smuggling.Recall that mandatory labeling includes an indication of the manufacturer's name and country of origin of goods.Thus, labeling allows you to check the legality of the importation or manufacture of certain products and its implementor - confirm the legality of its acquisition, if for some reason there are no invoices for the goods.For example, if the goods purchased on the wholesale market.
sale of excisable goods without appropriate labeling, or if the packaging and labeling of the goods are damaged, also punishable by a fine.This sale is also the basis for the suspicion of the other heavier tax offense - namely neoprihodovanii goods and cash.And all because the sale of excisable goods for cash is permitted only with the help of the cash register, into which the entire goods entered in the books, indicating including data excise stamps.Thus, damaged or missing excise stamp on the product allows you to doubt that this product has been delivered to the warehouse store, and is included in the cash register, and is not sold by the glass or by the piece from under the counter.Of course, prove the legality of the product with a damaged or missing label is possible, but it will have to spend precious nerves, so it is best to avoid this.
Check a business entity that produces and sells goods subject to marking, may be some regulatory and law enforcement authorities - namely, the authorities of the Federal Tax Service, the tax police and the police, the prosecutor's office, bodies of control over the circulation of alcohol products and tobacco products, protection bodiesconsumers, authorities veterinary and sanitary-epidemiological surveillance, fire safety authorities.In exceptional cases in the criminal investigation check labeling can be carried out the prosecutor's office and the FSB.
What you need to know the consumer labeling
In fact, the consumer is the main person in whose interest applies marking goods, but at the same time it is also the best-briefed on this issue in our country.On the one hand, already introduced changes to the legislation by which labeling of Russian goods should be more understandable for consumers.
