automobile plant - the most important part of the self-sufficiency of the state any more or less big country.Of course, in our country there are many such enterprises, one of which is the plant ZIL.The story of his appearance and the description of the present state are described in this article.
How it all began
In 1915, it finally became clear that the technical backwardness of the Russian Empire, it is too expensive at the front.One reason for the huge losses in manpower and technology at the front was the simple fact that the first line of defense did not have time to bring up the shells and bullets.There were trucks, and animal traction was not effective enough.
That is why in 1916 the territory of woods Tyufelevoy laid the first building plant AMO.Its construction was extremely difficult, because the country simply was not a single machine for the production of the necessary parts.Sami machines also produce in Russia there was no way, and therefore all should be ordered in the United States.
After Red October
In 1918, after the October Revolution, the workers had to find ways to manufacture spare parts as supply from abroad was no more.First in November 1924 was made the first Soviet truck AMO, which was built entirely from domestic components.This date is considered to be the beginning of modern Russian automotive industry.
In 1927, the post of Director approved the IALikhachev.He came to the post in a severe crisis, when the country was neither skilled workers or capacity to develop though a little of sufficient quality steel.Production in these conditions it was so expensive that the trucks delivered from the United States, worth 30% (!) Cheaper!
To cope with this, in 1931, was a large-scale reconstruction of the plant.Just how great was the scale of the works, the phrase itself suggests Likhachev: "In fact, we sewed a coat for the buttons ...".While the plant is still called ZIL ZIS.Until 1939, the company was able to produce about 40 thousand trucks AMO only, not to mention about the same number of American cars, produced at the time of license.Recall that from 1917 to 1920 had left the gate less than two thousand cars.By 1939, the factory has worked 39747 people.
1941-45 years
war became ordeal for the whole country and for the factory team.Since the company has released a major product (not just trucks, but the regimental guns, shells, etc.), its workers are not called to the front.However, they worked in difficult conditions so that young people prefer to get to the front.
enormous difficulties added that in 1941 the plant had to be evacuated to other cities in parts.In 1942, because of the difficult situation at the front and the threat of capture by the Nazis production base was ordered to complete destruction of the enterprise.Saved factory ZIL only winter counteroffensive near Moscow, as a result of which the order was revoked.
course, soon the company were mainly old workers, women and adolescents.Half-starved, in unheated halls, they had to collect front-line rules.And they coped.Only trucks over the terrible four years, was issued more than 100 thousand!
postwar period
At this time, the plant ZIL began actively to rebuild and reconstruct.Around the same years, the Soviet Union began active cooperation with China.According to the results of negotiations in China, the plant was built, and used in the construction of Soviet documentation.In addition, in the Soviet Union were invited Chinese experts for training.
All subsequent period, until the end of the 80s, the ZIL factory in Moscow to increase production volumes.Specialists of the company participated in all major projects of the country: medicine and space, military and automotive - it was all done including their hands.
Grave 90
dismal first half of the 90s the plant was still holding.Somehow rescued the remaining Soviet-era contracts, and is widely unfolded traders still buying cars.In 1994, the conveyor belt is made of the "last of the Mohicans," ZIL-130.It seemed that the Zil (ZIL) is living its last days.
Since 1995, things got really bad.More than half of the shops come into disrepair, the workers were fired en masse because they had nothing to feed their families.Partly rescued small production orders under which the remaining production facilities sometimes going to smaller parties products.By 2011, the situation has worsened so that abandoned factory area size has been comparable to the area of the entire Exhibition Centre.
1996-2011 years
In 1996, the owners of the enterprise began collapsing rapidly Dmitry Zelenin and Alexander Efanov.I must say that they themselves had never seen in such a post, but could not get past the plant's shares, which at that time cost literally pennies.
First they established the normal security system, giant patched holes in the fences (even stealing machines), as well as introduced new badge, because the old system for a long time actually worked.In the first month it has been prevented theft of about one million dollars.It seemed that things went smoothly, buyers reappeared ZIL.Plant Likhachev gradually acquiring new customers even abroad.
new failure
Alas, Luzhkov thought otherwise.So how to start a profitable plant became too tasty morsel for "domestic business" and Efanova Zelenin quickly forced to sell a controlling stake.The company once again became the property of Moscow, which before dying automaker was absolutely not necessary.
Officially production poured millions of dollars, growing stock value ... But things went from bad to worse, the workers again for months without receiving wages.So things went until 2010.By the time the plant was already practically abandoned.Where in 1939, worked almost 40 thousand people, "the age of democracy" remains 7000.In 2010, they collected 1258 (!) Trucks.Conveyor rose.
Plant Saves only that there are huge areas of the shop, in which really invest, but because they produce something tangible.The money goes even from Japan.
2011
This year is remembered that came Sobyanin.It is not clear who fired the account director, rejected an offer to sell the plant, began again to pour money into the company.Will it prosper?While nothing is known.However, on August 30, 2011 was finally re-launched production process started more or less stable build cars.One has only to hope that the factory ZIL still overcome this crisis.
New trends
Given that today is an active re army, the company's management nurtures high hopes that its facilities will be placed government orders.Given the history and gradually reviving class designers, to this they have a reason.In any case, the government has repeatedly stated that to admit the final looting of the company is by no means impossible.
In particular, the company was finally approved in the city-status.This means that it will maintain regardless of the feasibility studies.In such a state today is the plant ZIL.Company address - 115280, Moscow, Russia.Avtozavodskaya, d.23.
