Kuzbass - among the largest and best-known coal deposits in Russia.The quality of coal mined here, according to experts, can not be questioned - he's one of the best and most versatile in the world.At the same time, a factor which, according to many analysts, could play a negative role in the development of the field - the geographical position of the Kuznetsk Basin.Region of Russia, in which the focus of work for enterprises of Kuzbass, Kemerovo region, sufficiently distant from the many consumers of coal, which could be crucial for local businesses.
However, the very real prospect of further development of the Kuznetsk Basin is considered by many industry experts have, and productive work in this direction is, judging by the dynamics produced in recent years is coal.Local businesses, according to this indicator, were able to successfully overcome the crisis of 2008-2009.How does the company's coal industry is not entirely compensate for the optimal, judging by some estimates, the geographical position of the Kuznetsk Basin in relation to consumers?
Kuzbass: general information
Kuznetsk basin is considered to be mine, where are concentrated huge reserves of coal - one of the largest in the world.It is located in Western Siberia, mainly in the Kemerovo region."Kuzbass" (one of the informal names of the region) is surrounded by mountains Alatau Shoria and Salair Ridge.The first coal was opened here in the early 18th century.But industrial importance the region began to acquire in the 1840s after the stock assessment of the main mineral in the Kuznetsk Basin.Today Kuzbass is one of the largest industrial complexes, which operates to extract coal from the earth and its subsequent processing.Now the pool several dozen mines and enterprises engaged in open-pit mining.
Current trend extraction of coal from the depths - more than 200 million. Tons per year.The geographical position of the Kuznetsk coal basin in terms of economic viability is debate among experts.It is believed that the Kuzbass is not quite successfully - to the major buyers of coal far, and transport infrastructure in the region is the most developed.That is, the profitability is assessed as insufficiently high, especially in this aspect, as the geographical position of the Kuznetsk Basin with respect to the consumer.There are more moderate view.According to her, the profitability of Kuzbass is consistent with the performance of most other Russian and many of the world deposits.
mining and processing of coal
Where is the Kuznetsk coal basin, we now know.Let us now consider in detail what, what is the activity of enterprises, concentrated in his district.Coal mining is conducted in different ways: underground, open and hydraulic.Mostly, of course, the first - it accounts for about 65%.Open method produces about 30% of coal.The pool area also operates several dozen factories enrichment of coal.
level of equipment manufacturing mechanized equipment is estimated by experts as high.With adequate technologizing, to some extent, compensated, if we talk about pessimistic assessment shows us that the above is not quite optimal geographic position of the Kuznetsk Basin.That is, profitability increased due to widespread use of machinery.
How did mine
know where the Kuznetsk coal basin, we can make different kind of useful insight - into the geological history of the field.Coal - a mineral deposit whose resources are formed over millions of years.It is believed that its main formations were formed here in the Jurassic period.However, the first coal-bearing complexes here have appeared in the Permian period, ie 250 mln. Years ago.Prior to that, as we found out to geologists, Kuzbass was the first bay of the sea, and later - the plain with a large area of wetlands.
Natural and anthropogenic factors of development
useful to examine not only the geographical position of the Kuznetsk coal basin, but also aspects that reflect the way in his area are arranged the key mechanisms of interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors.Ob River forms the so-called "hydrographic" network.However, the pool is also crossed by the river Tom, which uses water resources for industrial and household needs of the region.
In the western part of the deposit reached a fairly high level of urbanization.The greatest influence of anthropogenic factors is observed in areas north of Kemerovo, as well as some of Mezhdurechensk.
properties coal
not only the geographical position of the Kuznetsk basin determines the profitability of enterprises operating here.The most important aspect - the properties of the coal quality.What are the features of the main mineral mined here?Kuzbass Coal raznosortnyh enough.However, the quality of the majority of species is estimated by experts as high.There are varieties with a high rate of vitrinite - up to 90%, calorific value - up to 8600 kcal / kg.Kuzbass Coal can be used as fuel for the needs of the coke industry and the chemical industry.The most important property of the main mineral of the Kuznetsk Basin - exposure processing.This opens up great potential for further development of the field and localized in its businesses.In particular, a significant percentage of employees in the export industry companies can make not only coal, but different kinds of value-added products based on it.In addition to coal in the Kuzbass region also have the opportunity to extract some sort of natural gas.And this is another promising direction in the development of the deposit and the region as a whole.
Economic Perspectives
What are the practical performance of the enterprises of Kuzbass?How relevant geographical location of the Kuznetsk coal basin in terms of the prospects for further development of the field?Analysts, as well as representatives of the business circles engaged in the industry characterize the situation of the coal industry of Kuzbass how difficult.In the last few years there has been some volatility in the rate of production of the main minerals.There is a version that this segment is particularly sensitive to crises.In particular, it is a fact - during the 2008-2009 recession, the prices of some grades of coal declined several times.
At the same time, analysts say, the prospects for the development of the deposit is very different.What is very important - to prove the ability of local enterprises to adapt to the crisis.We have noted that the price of coal fell into crisis.After strong growth in the 2000s in the Kuzbass mining declined in 2008-2009.But in 2010, the local mine have reached the level that was before the recession.In subsequent years, the rate of coal mining in the Kuzbass region grew steadily.
One of the key directions in the development of deposits, according to some experts - the search for new markets.To which, in particular, the situation with respect to the Kuznetsky Basin transport routes optimally adapted.Among the particularly urgent problems of Kuzbass - the high cost of shipping coal that are attributable to the category of poor quality.
At the same time, experts highly appreciated, as we have said, the quality of coal.In this connection, the costs of which determines the relative position of the Kuznetsk Basin transport routes, can be compensated for the interest of industrial enterprises in the procurement of guaranteed quality of fuel on the Kuzbass.In many cases, stress analysts, coal from Kuzbass, even in countries with the most developed economies may well be the basis for cost-effective production.For example, in Japan, there are several companies that are engaged in deep processing of fuel from Russia, causing the output is products demanded by the market and has a high added value.
Among the possible products that can be the result of deep processing of coal from Kuzbass - the so-called "syngas".It can be used as the power station component in the production of various components for the chemical industry.In addition, coal-bed methane can be extracted, and that in considerable quantities.In the late 2000s on the Kuzbass it was introduced one of the first projects in Russia in this direction.
prospects for implementation of such initiatives as the analysts say, the most obvious - will be created, in fact, a new national industry will be launched production of new types of products, there will be the introduction of innovative technologies, services, will create additional jobs.As for the reserves of coalbed methane - in the Kuznetsk Basin, according to many analysts, this is all right.It is known, for example, the Taldinskoye field corresponding reserve exceeds 40 bn. Cu.
Given that transport and geographical position of the Kuznetsk Basin is characterized by many experts as not the best, the emphasis in the further development of the deposit should be, according to some analysts, to put on the export of coal is not so much as its products.Implementation prospects in this direction depends on three main factors.Firstly, it is expanding its presence in the domestic market, and this depends, of course, on the willingness to increase the intensity of coal enterprises of the power industry.Secondly, it is a policy to protect the interests of the enterprise in the field aspect of their interaction with external players - the success of this line of work, in turn, depends, as experts believe, on the willingness of government agencies to implement the successive protectionist measures.Third, is the availability of loans and other investments - this factor is mainly determined by the activity of financial players.
Coal as the most important priority
One of the most promising, according to many experts, trends in the development of the Kuznetsk Basin, as well as all of the coal industry of the Russian Federation as a whole - is the construction of facilities for the enrichment of coal.At the moment, the dynamics of the implementation of the relevant technologies in the direction of Russia is estimated by analysts as being the highest.For example, in many other coal-producing powers - Australia, or South Africa - enrichment introduced in almost all industrial industries.If the Kuzbass will be the same, there is a chance, analysts believe that the situation of consumers with respect to the Kuznetsk Basin and transport routes, in principle, be kept to a minimum in terms of impact on the economic viability of local enterprises.
the more so now in the Kuzbass have tangible results in this direction.The share of the processing of coal enrichment here - more than 40%.If we talk specifically about the so-called "energy" of sorts - that more than 25%.This is several times greater than, for example, in the early 2000s.In the Kemerovo region has several dozen processing enterprises.Most new mining projects, one way or another, related to the integration of the structure of the coal enrichment plants.At the same time considerable emphasis in the application of technologies concentrating combines put in the ability to process any grade of coal - both energy and coke.At the same time, a certain percentage of capacity of the appropriate type that are located in the Kuzbass region, as many experts believe, are obsolete assets.Many of the concentrators has been operating for over 50 years.It should be, analysts say, to modernize production resources.
Innovation
One of the key directions in improving the profitability of enterprises of Kuzbass - innovation.Successful activities are largely offset is not the best if you follow one of the above-mentioned versions, the position of the Kuznetsk coal basin with respect to transportation routes.In particular, at the end of the 2000s, the region was a specialized industrial park, in which developed and implemented a variety of technologies that improve the efficiency and safety of coal mining.There are mines in the Kuzbass region, where the extraction of minerals from the earth is completely automated - labor productivity are much higher than usual.
factor of state support
We have already described the mechanism of interaction of the key factors that determine the success of further development of the Kuzbass: the expansion of the internal market, protection of the authorities, as well as the activity of businesses and investors in terms of lending and financial support to industrial enterprises have become the basis for growthsegment.We also saw how promising and potentially profitable Kuznetsk coal basin, the geographical position of which with respect to the consumers many experts seems less than optimal.
However, the function of the state is supposed to be, analysts say, even more important, beyond the scope of the implementation of protectionist measures.Features of the businesses that determines the geographic location of the Kuznetsk coal basin, known governmental experts.And because they need to understand, as analysts believe that without appropriate measures of state support of the coal industry of Russia and Kuzbas have easy.
is not enough, experts say, limited to the declaration of interest through the issuance of multiple sectoral programs.Among the real effective measures that can contribute to the development of the coal industry - such as, for example, preferential treatment in terms of VAT.Another option - the improvement of policy debt restructuring of loss-making enterprises in the industry, as well as the elimination of uncompetitive firms.In particular, in the second aspect, the state could take over some of the social obligations.
Another possible measure, in which governments can support enterprises of Kuzbass, - assistance in obtaining cheap loans.Or, alternatively, to carry out the payment of the interest on loans, which are likely under the current political situation may grow significantly.
prospects - in collaboration
According to many experts, including the key areas of activity of the mining industry of any type that affect the profitability and economic success of the enterprise - the ability to build cooperation - both on the domestic and international level, both in terms ofcooperation with the authorities and state-owned companies and in the direction of working with the private sector.The fact that the geographical location of the Kuznetsk coal basin as a whole has not quite to profitability, know almost all the market players.However, the willingness to cooperate with the enterprises of Kuzbass many businesses are showing very willingly, including foreign ones.
significant role in this play rather than commercial contracts, many different kinds of public events: exhibitions, fairs, conferences, forums.It is they, according to experts, lays the foundation for cooperation between Russian companies among themselves and with the participation of top foreign players.Such activities, in particular, have played, according to some analysts, a very important role in overcoming the consequences of the crisis enterprises of Kuzbass 2008-2009.During the trade shows held in those years, were held thousands of meetings, hundreds of which were aimed at the implementation of joint projects.
