Everyone knows that humanity can not survive without water.Every day, millions of cubic meters consumed life-giving water, but wastewater is suitable for a simple drop in natural reservoirs.Consequently, they need to be pre-cleaning and decontamination.This set of activities forms a stable water supply system.
Wastewater - a wastewater and rainwater, the characteristics of which have deteriorated under the influence of human activities which are entered into waterways through sewage system or gravity.
Classification wastewater is quite simple structure:
1. The chemical composition.
2. At the place of education.
3. By the nature of impurities.
Wastewater chemical composition separated into three groups: organic (flora and products thereof), minerals (clay, sand, insoluble salts) and biological (bacteria, fungi, viruses).
By place of education allocate atmospheric and domestic sewage.In addition, as mentioned previously, contamination can be of different nature, for example, soluble, insoluble and colloidal substances.
According to the degree of pollution waste water characterized by the use of some generalized indicators, such as chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, if titer, concentration of hydrogen ions, as well as suspended and settling material and dry residue.
There are several ways to clean the waste water, the main ones are the mechanical, chemical and biological methods.Each of them has its own characteristics, but the most common cases when used not one but several methods.This allows you to form a complex of treatment facilities.Let us consider each method in detail.
mechanical cleaning method
a result of this cleaning waste water is passed through a system of filters that trap and retain large particles.This step is called strainer.This is followed by another filter system, which is designed to trap finer particles.The water then enters the special chamber, where the process of clarification.
Chemical cleaning
Because while using wastewater are exposed to all kinds of organic and inorganic substances and compounds, as well as other chemicals, is to dump wastewater into a natural body of water, it is necessary to carry out the process of neutralization.Such activities are based on redox reactions.For example, if it is necessary to remove contamination caused by acid solutions, the waste water is treated with alkali, and vice versa.
biological method
It means cleaning of waste water from various organic contaminants.The presented technique implies a special kind of bacteria, which in turn, processed organic compounds that contribute to their decomposition and removal of the treatment systems.This method may pass in contact with oxygen or without it.Consequently, distinguish aerobic and anaerobic purification.
