Rectified ethyl alcohol.

It is no secret that as the main raw material for the production of beverages is ethyl alcohol rectified.It nemaloznachimy product in this area.More on that below.

Product Description

Rectified ethyl alcohol is a colorless transparent liquid, which has no odor and aftertaste.The share of the product at 20 ° C equal to 0.78927 g / cm3.Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, was first synthesized in 1855 from ethylene.The substance is a flammable liquid.In its combustion produces water and carbon dioxide.Couples alcohol are harmful to health.Maximum allowable concentration in the air is considered to be 1 mg / l.Its freezing temperature is -117 ° C and the boiling point: +78.2 ° C.

Ethanol - Formula

It is important to know.The general chemical formula of ethyl alcohol: C2 H5 OH.It expresses the composition of the product and was installed even in 1807.But only after successfully synthesized ethyl alcohol structural formula was derived.It is written as follows: SN3SN2ON.

Ethanol is a saturated alcohol and, since it contains only one OH group is classified monohydric.The presence of a hydroxyl group determines the chemical properties of the substance, as well as the weakness of the reaction product.

When stored in leaky containers ethanol evaporates and absorbs moisture from the air.This results from the fact that ethanol refers to a hygroscopic substance.Due to the fact that this product has a structure similar to the water, it can be mixed with it in any proportions.

Rectified ethyl alcohol produced in industrial conditions, a slightly acidic reaction.It is known fact.It contains small amounts of organic acids.The reaction of the chemically pure ethyl alcohol neutral.It should be remembered.

requirements that apply to the quality of the grain

main challenge facing manufacturers of alcoholic beverages, production of ethyl alcohol is of the highest quality.State standards and other regulatory documents to this high requirements, which affect the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics.Ethanol is produced from various natural raw materials.

Production said substance from agricultural raw materials is biotechnological production, which uses microorganisms to convert starch into fermentable sugars, and then to the finished material - ethanol.All stages of the acceptance of grain to rectification contain large amounts of chemical and mechanical processes.Each of them affects the organoleptic characteristics of ethyl alcohol.This will be explained later.

Factors affecting the organoleptic

In this case:

• sanitary condition of the equipment in the production (pipelines, evaporation chamber, heat exchangers, tank gear).
• quality raw materials (type of grain, the conditions of storage, state, odor and others.).
• flowsheet used raw material preparation (mechanical-enzymatic traditional).
• processing method (degree of grinding stock, in production).
• used yeast species.
• of the process of fermentation (duration, increase in acidity).
• Used auxiliary materials (antiseptics and disinfectants).

One of the most important factors is the quality of the raw materials used.The situation with him is rather complicated, because the state grain supplies there.Therefore, the bulk of the raw materials used by the company is delivered to the contracts.They concluded with various suppliers at negotiated prices.

To date, there is no national standard or other normative and technical documentation that clearly defines all the requirements for grain, used for the manufacture of this product.However, some of them fixed in the "Regulations for the production of alcohol from starchy materials."Among them - the content of various toxic admixtures (seeds, weeds, and so on. D.) Infestation of cereals, as well as the establishment of Dirt.

The use of alcohols in the manufacture of alcoholic beverages requires a high quality of the resulting product.From the state of the grain used is directly dependent on the organoleptic properties of the resulting therefrom said substance.The most important indicator of the raw material is its smell.Due to the capillary-porous structure of the grains and corresponding mass skvazhistosti it can adsorb (absorb) the different gases and vapors from the environment.That raw material is infected granary pests, may also contain products of their life.If mites are present in the grain, the deteriorating its color and taste, and formed a specific odor.Damage to the shell of raw materials creates favorable conditions for microbial growth and accumulation of mycotoxins.Use this for the production of grain can be.However, the large number of insects adversely affects the organoleptic characteristics of the resulting alcohol.

For the manufacture of this product is often used substandard and defective grains, among which immature and freshly harvested, damaged by drying, subjected to self-heating, and ergot struck smut and fusarium.It is known fact.During the processing of freshly harvested grain without delay ripening is a violation of technology, which leads to difficulty mash and as a result, a significant reduction in the performance of the corresponding department.

color of raw materials damaged by drying, can vary from light brown to black.It is important to know.Grain refers to the black trash.As a result of this process it, only mixing with a healthy.The permissible rate of burned grains should not be more than 10%.The use of alcohols for the production of high quality beverages in excess of this figure is not allowed.

Raw, ergot infected brain and become toxic because it contains a variety of alkaloids (argonin, ergotamine, kortunin etc.).Harmful impurities are highly undesirable, as they affect the organoleptic properties of alcohol and gives it sharpness, bitterness and pungency.However, the raw material can be processed with a healthy grain.Thus its content should not be more than 8-10%.

Grain, which is used for the production of alcohol, starch consists of (65 - 68% on dry substance) as well as protein, fat, free sugars, minerals, polysaccharides, dextrin.All listed compounds in various stages of the process involved in various biochemical reactions.

Another factor that affects the organoleptic properties of the finished product is malt and enzyme preparations mikroorganizmennyh cultures (saccharified material).It should also be taken into account.Quite often, in the manufacture can be used infected with these drugs.It can also happen that they do to the lack of enzymatic activity.In such a scenario, the infectious process of fermentation.The result is an accumulation of unwanted waste products of yeast.Therefore, oxidation of alcohol decreases.Because of this, it gets worse smell and taste.

quality resulting alcohol directly depends on various types of yeast are used.They are the right choice, as well as the definition of the parameters of their competent fermentation allows to obtain the title product with a low content of the main impurities.

also an important component in the production of alcohol is water.From its purity (amount of microorganisms present, and various dissolved therein Chemicals) depends on the quality of the manufactured product.It is best to use water that comes from artesian springs.

Also note that after treatment in this product are a variety of toxic impurities.Higher esters are sometimes present in the produced alcohol, can impart a light, faintly fruity odor.It is known fact.But the presence of diethyl ether gives the product specified bitterness and putrid odor.

The quality of this matter and its organoleptic characteristics are also influenced by various non-typical impurities and other microbial toxins, pesticides, and others.

technology for producing alcohol

This item closer look.Rectified ethyl alcohol can be made in three ways: chemical, synthetic and biochemical (fermentation).Their selection will depend on the individual.

• Enzymatic method of producing alcohol fermentation of sugar occurs.It nemaloznachimy process.It is carried out under the action of yeast enzymes.
• chemical method of obtaining alcohol is used for production of industrial alcohol from plant material, which has a high fiber content (straw, sawdust, etc.).Also, it is produced from sulfite liquor (waste pulp and paper production).
• synthetic process for the preparation of technical alcohol is a water connection to the ethylene in the presence of a catalyst.It is quite common method.

food rectified ethyl alcohol obtained solely from the appropriate raw materials.Mainly for this are corn syrup solids, and potatoes.Rectified ethyl alcohol technical prepared from the same feedstock.However, it may contain various impurities, which is prohibitive for the food industry.

Production of ethyl alcohol is carried out in 3 stages

• Preparatory. is to clean impurities from the raw materials and the preparation of malt.
• main. During this stage of cooking occurs and saccharification of starchy raw material, fermentation, distillation, and obtaining the cheese alcohol.
• final - rectification. This process is repeated distillation is carried out for the purpose of purification of ethyl alcohol from various impurities.

One of the best kinds of plant material, which is used for the production of this product is the potato.For this it uses such varieties that have high starchy and highly stable on storage.This is an important condition for the production.

You should also know that corn is not only used as a raw material, but also for malt, which is a source of enzymes that break down starch to fermentable sugars.It depends on the individual desires.In some plants instead of malt used enzyme preparations of microbial origin.Prepared from their molds.Enzyme preparations may be complete replacement of malt or used in conjunction with them in different ratios.

determine the properties of alcohols production technology.The green body contains a number of impurities, which differ in boiling point.They are byproducts of the fermentation.Their residual amount and composition affect the quality of the produced alcohol and alcoholic beverages.This is a significant fact.

Equipment required to obtain the product from raw alcohol use multi-column system.Their use is important.Each column of said apparatus performs a specific function corresponding to the separation of the mixture at different temperatures and pressures.Reactions of alcohols and their physico-chemical properties allow to get rid of various impurities.It is important in this case.They are not allowed in the production of edible alcohol.Currently, there are several new patented technological schemes purification and production of raw materials, which can significantly increase the analytical and organoleptic characteristics of this product.Performance bragorektifikatcii it increases by 15%.Output is the final product is close to 98.5%.To date, the production of said substance used bragorektifikatsionnye installation of continuous action, which may include up to five columns.They are different and, in accordance with its purpose, are divided into:

• mash. They are used for the rest of the mash and alcohol.
• Epuration. used for the isolation of ethanol.
• Distillation. Use them to clean the alcohol - Raw.There is carried out to obtain rectified alcohol
• Fusel.An important adaptation.They are concentrated and the allocation of fusel oil
• Columns final cleaning.They are used to obtain the highest quality products.

Deep cleaning

rectification - is a kind of multi-stage distillation.It is carried out in columns with steam and mnogokolpachkovyh plates.In these plants, the said substance is obtained, but also volatile components and fusel oil which is a mixture of higher alcohols.In accordance with the process of distillation, these impurities are divided into:

• tail.These adopted are those elements having a boiling point higher than ethanol.This fusel oils and other substances.For example, furfural, Acetal and others.
• Head. These include impurities that boil at a temperature lower than ethanol.In this case, esters and aldehydes.
• intermediate impurity and limiting alcohol.They are most trudnootdelimymi groups of compounds.Depending on various conditions of the distillation may be at the tail and head.

Species

Depending on the degree of purification of said product is divided into:

• 1 grade.This alcohol has found application in medicine.However, for the production of alcoholic beverages is not in use.
• «Lux".
• «Extra».
• «Basis".
• «Alpha».

To produce beverages that the quality will meet all modern requirements, use alcohol with the absence of a toxic nature of impurities.It must meet the requirements specified in GOST R 51652-2000.

Ethanol - use

In this regard, it's pretty simple and straightforward.Use of alcohol is very flexible.However, most often they are used for medical purposes, for the production of alcoholic beverages, as well as in industry.

Features manufacturing

Different types of this substance is produced from various raw materials.Namely:

• alcohol "Alpha" is made from wheat or rye.Or in this case, apply a mixture thereof.
• Spirit "Lux" and "Extra" is obtained from different types of cereals, as well as mixtures thereof, or potatoes.It depends on the individual selection of raw materials.Alcohol "Extra" is produced exclusively from healthy grains.It is intended for the production of vodka, which is exported.
• alcohol 1st grade produced from a mixture of potato and corn, or simply individually.Also in this case, may be used, and sugar beet molasses.The use of alcohols in the industry contributes to the production of varieties of alcohol.

Calculations of this product are made by determining the volume and temperature of the material in the dipstick.Special device (alcoholmeters) determine the density of the substance.It corresponds to a fortress.With the help of special tables for obtaining evidence and temperature determine the fortress% (turnover of ethyl alcohol).Also here, the appropriate multiplier.It is an important indicator.When multiplied by a specified amount of a substance to conduct calculation of the amount of anhydrous alcohol, which it contains.

to visit secured six major physical and chemical parameters of safety.Establishing limit values ​​of toxic elements set out in SanPiN.The presence of furfural is not allowed at all.Shelf life is unlimited alcohol.However, it must be observed certain conditions.