more than a year continued the story of the German gold reserve.If someone has not heard that Germany demanded that the United States and France to return to it of the reserve.The last of these countries are in custody for more than a decade.And how do they got there?And why did the United States refuse to return what they rightfully does not belong?
Background
course, the Germans their gold in the United States did not carry.Just a lot of years ago, after the war, it was purchased and put into storage there."Bundesbank" and still thinks such a policy quite reasonable.Why take away the gold from a large trade places?In the case of Germany's gold reserves need to sell quickly for a foreign currency, it will be just a "hand."That's the system.And do not say that only Germany adheres to these views.
As the scandal began
About a year ago, several members of the Bundestag "suddenly" found out for themselves that holds gold reserves of Germany, namely 45%.The word "suddenly" put in quotation marks because it is not just a surprise, and smile the idea that policy, occupying such high positions, it is still not known.Most likely, it was a populist move, aimed at improving their own rankings.
There is another version: the situation is so stalled that continue to remain silent did not make sense.It seems that this version is correct.
Generally, the Germans, of course, there is something to worry about.Reserve Germany's gold reserves - 3,386 tons, the second largest in the world!In the first place, of course, the United States of America, the presence of precious metals in the vaults which for some time now been questioned.
Give just a little
In March 2013, "Bundesbank" demanded the US return than the entire gold reserve, but only 300 tons, located in the department of the Federal Reserve in New York.
Total German precious metals in the United States more than 1,500 tons.But of course, not the whole of Germany's gold reserves stored there.It is known that 31% of the reserve is at home, far from the major centers of trade.Another 13% are in the Bank of England and 11% in the Bank of France.By the way, in the plans of the German government until 2020 to return all located in Paris, gold and 300 tons of the precious metal from the United States.Why so few?Really just because of the fact that carry far?It turns out that to sell their gold they will only be in New York and London?Not certainly in that way.
Substandard bars
has recently been made public yet another story of the postwar years.It appears, from the USA to England after World War II was given the party notorious bars of low quality, as the central banks of these nations have been well aware.The found documents indicating that gold did not comply with the so-called Standard London delivery quality.Since the last delivery was intended for Germany to regular payments of this silence.But the Germans, who at that time was not up to controversy, took the "gold" without talking.
This is one well-known case.It remains a mystery, as was generally low-quality supply of gold in Germany and now really is in storage in Germany?
immediately recall another story from the recent past.The Chinese have found that in some world banks stored fake ingots, which were made of tungsten and plated with gold.What actually delivered in Germany, can only guess.But back to London.
Secret export
We assumed that the Germans are going to trade gold in major trading centers like London and New York.But it became known that from Britain's gold reserves in Germany "disappeared": it is almost two-thirds were taken.Until 2000, there were about 1.5 million tons, and by 2001 there were only 550 tons!Recall that the United States would take the Germans 300 tonnes for seven years, and then just took it easy for a year nearly 1,000 tons?Do all the matter in the high cost of transportation?
Incidentally, the export of gold from England was almost "silent", there was no scandal.An interesting fact is that returning from the gold reserves of Germany was melted.It is argued that this is done to increase its sample to the level of quality of delivery London.Strangely, it is well known that the Bank of England to another storage themselves and not take it.Perhaps, again, poor quality supply? ..
American bubble
For several years, all asserting that the US economy is undergoing a serious crisis.The US external debt is hanging on the edge of a fiscal cliff, but the world power continues not only to "stay afloat", but also to control world politics and finance.The secret to this success?It is clear that much tied to the dollar.Oil is bought and sold, basically, only their currency.It is beneficial for the United States, although recently there is talk about the use of other currencies.
Another plus - it's the biggest in the world gold reserves of the United States.Again, only words.What, then, prevented the US authorities to meet the demands of Germany and its return to a fraction of the gold?
first Germans generally denied.Then Germany expressed a desire to make sure that Germany's gold reserves in the United States is safe and sound.As a result, one of the warehouse opened, but no one was allowed inside.And who knows that the German inspectors saw there.By the way, 5 tons of the precious metal from the United States have been able to return.According to some German publications for its transportation it has been spent several hundred thousand euros.The latter is again in doubt.If transportation is so expensive, then 1,000 tons, which urgently returned from England, had to devalue the gold.Many argue that US carry further and, indeed, more expensive, because the costs are mainly coming safety.Fuel costs for the ships or aircraft is hardly comparable.
But back to the American gold.It turns out that the professionals who saw these ingots, argue that they are labeled 2013 year.That is, that's not the bars, which were accepted for storage.About the latter, too, as nothing is known.
Tangled
As is known, the US economy (so to speak, and the world) is held on a virtual (electronic) money.Every day, thousands of brokers on the stock exchange to buy and sell stocks, currencies and precious metals.And if the latter two cases, the situation is quite clear, from the bonds of dark matter.People buy and sell debt, and according to some reports, they are now collected in the amount of twenty times the world GDP!And if one day have to pay for these obligations?
According to this principle, and there was a huge external debt of the United States, because the printing press does not belong to the state.On the social reforms the government has to borrow money from a group of private banks.I agree that it is to lend money to someone who never let them give up, banks will for the time being.At least, it is a long time can not continue.
Argued that the federal gold reserve of the United States is no longer (and this in a country that holds gold reserves of Germany!).It was either laid against the debt, or actively sold to keep the gold price low.Confirmation of the first hypothesis is another scandal of the recent past.When
ends meet do not converge
In 2011, one of the largest private guardians of gold in the world was forced to file a lawsuit to determine who is actually owned by the precious metal in the amount of $ 850 million.It happened when several owners began to lay claim to the same bars.For the latter, in turn, resulted in the fact that in the course of lending gold was remortgaged several times, and now is just not possible to determine its present owner.And all this despite the fact that the precious metal in storage is not subject to such operations.
all possible answers
Is Germany's gold reserves in the United States?The question remains open.Legally, yes, but in fact ... Is Germany's gold reserves had disappeared?Rather, he went into circulation.Gold or mortgaged, or sold.The Americans did the same as any bank where the deposit of the money you give.Let's say you put on today by a large amount, and if you ask for it back a couple of days, then most likely, you will be denied, explaining what to look for cash.Your money is put into circulation, for example, by giving someone credit.Agree, the bank must also earn.
It is believed that the Americans do not want to give the German gold, because they fear that the Germans will come out of the Eurozone.Germany is going back into circulation brand, providing its own gold.For the Germans it more than half of Europe.A good leash holds the United States, is not it?Good to have a political and economic ally, the gold reserves of which you are completely in control.
situation today
Officially, the German government has refuted the information that Germany return the gold reserves of America.They say that the United States turned out to be a good partner and a German gold stored for free (unlike England and France).Why do the Americans?We can only guess.They say it gives weight to their gold as a reserve currency.But is not it would be better for the Germans, if it was there, where Germany's gold reserves to provide such currencies as the euro?
But the Fed does not even trust the Americans.So the question of where the gold reserves of Germany, remains open to this day.
