Short adjectives.

That is an adjective, every schoolboy knows.However, not everyone knows the rules of the spelling of the speech, as well as which groups it is divided and so forth.

General

Adjective is a part of speech that calls the properties and qualities of objects (eg, old chair ), events ( incredible incident ), states ( strong sense ) and other phenomena of the world ( difficult childhood ).In addition, the adjective refers to the object belongs to someone ( mother's pouch, foxhole ).

main types depending on how and what is indicated by a sign is an adjective, and what properties it has a grammar, this part of the speech is divided into the following groups:

• relative;
• quality;
• possessive.

relative adjectives

This group describes the properties of a feature, action, or object through its relation to another feature, action, or object.

Here are some examples: bookcase, tangerine juice, children's games, destructive power, Brazilian walnut, double blow, religious beliefs and so forth.

qualitative adjectives

This group has its own characteristics, namely:

• Indicates signsitems: age (old), size (the patient), speed (fast), color (blue), human qualities (evil), assessment (normal), physical properties (strong, thick, fat and so forth.) .
• Forms are degrees of comparison as excellent ( the strongest, the most subtle, the most important, the most important ) and comparative ( stronger, thinner and so more important. ).
• Have short forms (eg, fast, fat, and so mighty . D.).It should be noted that the summary of adjectives can be formed not by all quality.

Possessive adjectives

Adjectives such a group respond to the question "whose?" And represent something belonging to the animal ( hare hole, cow's milk) or person ( father's wallet, car Petina ).It should also be noted that all the possessive adjectives are formed from nouns animated by such suffixes as -nin, -in, -y, -ev, s.

Here are some examples: grandfather - grandfather;Father - fathers and so forth.

Quick adjective

addition to the relative separation, qualitative and possessive group, this part of the speech is different and special forms.Thus, in the Russian language are:

• brief;
• full of adjectives.

And the first formed by the second kind of reduction.In order to understand what features are short adjectives should consider all the rules relating to their formation and spelling.After all, only this information will allow you to properly use this part of the speech in the writing of the text, or in an oral conversation.

End

Adjectives in summary form in the singular shall have the following generic end:

• feminine gender - ending -a .Here are some examples: new, thin, strong, lean, and so forth.
• Masculine - zero ending.Here are some examples: strong, strong, lean, new, beautiful and so forth.
• neuter - ending -o or -e ( beautiful, strong, strong, new, evil, and so skinny. ).

In the plural any gender distinctions in this part of the speech in this form are not available.Thus, all the short end of the adjectives have s or s ( strong, strong, beautiful, new, graceful, and so toschi. ).

Features short form

As you can see, this part of the speech can lean on and leave a number.However, one should remember that brief adjectives never change on cases.In the proposal, such members usually serve as the predicate.

give perimer: She is very smart. In this case, the word "smart" is a summary of the adjective, which acts as a predicate.

should also be noted that some types of this part of the speech with several lexical meaning can form a short form only in some of them.For example, the word "poor" is not an adjective brief if it means "wretched, miserable."In addition, some adjectives also can not have a complete form.These words can be attributed must, happy and much Telegram.

What is the difference of the total?

Short Form are only qualitative adjectives.They differ from the total is to determine the morphological characters.That is, as mentioned above, such a form of representation of the speech is not changed on cases and declined only in the number and age.In addition, short adjectives are different from full syntactic role.Thus, in this, they do not act as definitions, and in the form of a predicate or its component parts.Although in some cases, they are still referred to as determination.Most often this phenomenon is observed in the set phrases, or in the works of folk art (for example, n and bare feet, in broad daylight, a beautiful maiden, good fellow, and so .).

Spelling short adjectives

To properly use short forms of adjectives, be sure to learn the rules of their spelling.

1. Written whether soft sign on the short end of the adjective?This issue is of concern to many.After all, sometimes we have to use this part of the speech when writing any text.In this regard, it is noted that brief adjectives on sibilants (end word) written without soft sign.Here is an example: odorous, hot, a dense, thorny, like, good, and so mighty.
2. How many letters "H" in the summary of adjectives?Remember this rule is quite easy.The letters "N" in the summary of adjectives are stored in the same amount as in complete form.Here is an example: road is long (long), mimicry artificial (man-made), rosy dawn (blush) and others.
3. How do you spell "no" brief adjectives?Remember this rule is very easy.But for this one should know how to spell the particle "no" to the full adjectives.After all, for the short form, these rules are fully preserved.In other words, "not" a brief adjective should be written in exactly the same way as full.Here is an example: road difficult (ie heavy, hard) - the road is not easy (ie, hard, hard) .In this case, "not" should be written as one word.However, such a particle with short adjectives should be written separately, if the full form is not commonly used.Here is an example: not ready, not ready, not ready, not ready .
4. In short adjectives after sizzling written the letter "o" only if it is under the stress.For example: dish hot, funny man .

Education brief adjectives

short forms of adjectives are formed by complete forms.This occurs by adding to it the generic endings:

• zero or male;
• average (-e or -o);
• female (s or s).

addition, short adjectives can be plural (ending -s or s) or singular.Since the formation of such forms?These rules are very simple:

• If the basis of full adjective ends in a consonant letter, preceded by a vowel (eg, wide rd ), the short form base remains the same, that is, does not change (wide ).
• If the basis of full adjective ends in a consonant letter, preceded by similar, then the formation of the short form (only masculine) appears fluent between vowel e or o.Here is an example: s Noin - znoen, sinful - is sinful, calm - calm, sharp - sharp, stubborn - stubborn, awkward - awkward, straight - straightforward, funny - funny .However, all the rules there are exceptions.For example, the adjective "decent" is a short form - "worthy", which acts as a vowel and fluent.This is due to the fact that this word is formed from the noun "dignity."But "won" - from Communion "award."

ratio of full and short forms of adjectives

terms of lexical meanings are distinguished 3 types of relationships short and long forms of adjectives:

1. Matching of lexical meaning (eg, good day and good day, a beautiful baby and the baby is beautiful ).

2. coincide only in certain values:

• «False" to mean "a fake."In this case, the short form exists.
• «False" to mean "insincere."In this case, the short form is "phony."
• «poor» within the meaning of "unfortunate."In this case, the short form exists.
• «poor" to mean "the poor."In this case, the short form is "poor."

3. The short form is considered as a synonym for semantic and differs from its full value:

• short form refers to a temporary sign, and the full - a constant (eg, kid and the kid is sick patient );
• short form indicating excessive expression of the characteristic (for example, old grandmother or grandmother old) ;
• long form indicates irrespective sign, and short - on the relation to something (for example, narrow dress and gown narrowly ).
• in some cases, the value of both forms of adjectives are so divergent that they are used and seen as a completely different word (for example, the purpose of the journey was quite clear and the weather was clear ).