Today the process of transplantation of stem cells - the most effective method of treating cancer, genetic, hematological, autoimmune diseases in adults and in children.This issue will be devoted to this article.
hematopoietic stem cells and transplant
Many did not associate concepts such as stem cells and bone marrow transplantation, but they are closely interrelated.After all, this method of donation - is a transplant.They multiply rapidly and produce healthy offspring.Hematopoietic cells - the precursors of blood and human immunity.The transplanted stem cells to the patient restore hematopoiesis of the body, increases resistance to viruses.Another possibility for obtaining these cells, moreover, how to become a bone marrow donor, no.The source may be different tissues of the human body.
Where are these cells?We
stem cells are found in the blood-forming substance, which is in the bones.Most of all, it is observed in the pelvis, sternum, spine.For a long time the hematopoietic stem cells are formed only in the bone marrow.For this reason, most of the foreign registers have the same name.They are called a bone marrow donor.
In 90 years it has been scientifically proven that by the introduction into the human body can be special preparations for a short time to bring stem cells from their place of education in the bloodstream, and from there with the help of special equipment to remove them.
What else to look out for before you become a bone marrow donor?In Samara, more than a decade ago, a cord blood bank on the basis of the Clinical Center of cellular technologies.They learned how to get the stem cells by other means.
Where to find a donor?
Tragically, in Russia such programs are in their infancy.There is no full register and the state support.Measures to create this database transplant is gradually beginning to be introduced.Skazhdym year donors is growing.To increase the number of volunteers is important to inform the public, to conduct training seminars and lectures.
When the disaster struck in the family and relatives want to help the patient, shortly before them raises the question of how to become a bone marrow donor.After all, it is necessary to transplant a loved one.But not always family ties can help in this matter, since only about 30% have a family full compatibility stem cells.Ideal - a bone marrow transplant from a twin, but these are isolated cases.
If compatibility among relatives of people there, it is necessary to resort to using a database of bone marrow donors in our country.But their number is negligible.Therefore, the next step is to search for donors is to appeal to foreign registers.But it is important to understand that this is a very expensive procedure, the value of which is equal to several tens of thousands of euros.
Many countries are actively working to expand the lists of unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells.This is due to the spread of diseases that can be treated in this way only.Currently, there are about sixty databases that are integrated into a common world.The total number of potential donors is about 20000000 people.Thanks to these international registers can not find a suitable option for patients with 60-80% of patients.How to become a bone marrow donor and a member of the worldwide database, find out below.
Creating a register of donors of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in Russia
in Russia has already begun work on the creation of registers of stem cells.However, the total number of potential donors tested is small, there are about two thousand people.It is understood that such amount does not carry out an effective selection of cells for all patients in need of assistance.Therefore, we definitely need to wonder about how to become a bone marrow donor.In Yekaterinburg, this method of donation is not.But such services are in other cities.Small donor registry in Chelyabinsk was created on the basis of blood transfusion on the field.Potential patients voluntarily and anonymously included in the list of data on the condition of gratuitous participation in the absence of any contraindications on health.
requirements for a bone marrow donor
potential donors may be any healthy person.Suitable age - 18-55 years.It should not be suffering from tuberculosis, AIDS, hepatitis B and C, malaria, cancer, mental disorders.This is the first step to becoming a bone marrow donor.In Voronezh recently the action on bone marrow donation among residents.The research results were anonymously added to the list, known as the registry.
Volunteer delivers twenty milliliters of blood in any of the stations transfusion.Blood fluid from the veins pass tissue typing.This is done in St. Petersburg, after these procedures all the data of the donor will be entered into the Russian registry.
Donate Nizhny Novgorod
Every year in Russia are in need of stem cell transplantation and a half thousand people, most of them - the children.This can help patients to restore hematopoiesis and immune system.Due to the minimum number of donor hematopoietic cells in our country the opportunity to help these children is minimal, especially because the genotype of each person is different, and the possibility to choose a suitable donor is 1: 30,000.Therefore, the Russian doctors are foreign donor registry, but perhaps in the near future, this problem will be resolved.
By country held a variety of events during which people explain how to become a bone marrow donor.In Nizhny Novgorod, this event went very well among the students of the Linguistic University and the Academy of Water Transport.After the meeting, donor registry of the Russian Federation increased by dozens of people who have agreed to undergo this procedure.
How is bone marrow collection?
for transplantation from the donor bone marrow it is admitted to the hospital for a day.This procedure must pass under general anesthesia.Before becoming a bone marrow donor, be sure to undergo a medical examination on the subject of tolerance to anesthesia.
Bone marrow is taken from the pelvic bone with special wide needle.The operation can last for several hours.During the intervention is extracted a few percent of the bone marrow.The donor is allowed to leave the hospital the same day.Within a few days you will feel some soreness in the bones, which can be easily removed painkillers.Full recovery of the bone marrow occurs in a two-week period.
Taking stem cells from the blood
is the procedure virtually painless.It is important for those interested in becoming a bone marrow donor.In Moscow, for the money there are many who want to join the ranks of volunteers.But this procedure is reimbursable.
Within five days before the fence to the patient subcutaneously injected medication that displays the cells into the bloodstream.He was then connected to a special machine with which the blood is taken.Subsequently, the material is broken down into its components.Recent delivered to the laboratory, where a special way processed.Useful cells are collected into a package, and the remainder is returned to the donor blood.This procedure takes several hours.
Disclaimer procedures
Data entry in the register or is not binding, so how to become a bone marrow donor in Russia or in another country - it's just a desire and consent to surrender hematopoietic cells and save lives.The probability of a particular donor's compatibility with the patient catastrophically low.But the more Russian donors represented in the registry of bone marrow, the higher the probability of treatment in our patients.For residents of Russia significantly different genetically, for example, the Europeans and Americans.
becomes who will donate their bone marrow, or not - a private matter, but it is important to understand that no one is immune from the disease, and indifference to the problem of donation could be a tragedy for the whole of humanity in the future.
