One of the most important qualities that have always distinguished man from the animals, of course, is memory.The past is for humans - the most important source for the formation of self-consciousness and determination of personal space in society and the world.
Losing memory, a person loses orientation and among the environment, crumbling social ties.
What is collective historical memory?
Memory - this is not abstract knowledge of any events.Memory - this life experience, knowledge of the events experienced and heartfelt, emotionally affecting.Historical memory - the concept of the collective.It lies in the preservation of the public and understanding of the historical experience.The collective memory of generations can be among family members, the population of the city and of the whole nation, the country and the whole of humanity.
Stages of historical memory
It should be understood that the collective historical memory, as well as the individual has several stages of development.
Firstly, it is forgotten.After a certain period of time is inherent in the people to forget the event.It can happen quickly and can occur in a few years.Life does not stand still, a series of episodes is not interrupted, and many of them are replaced with new impressions and emotions.
Secondly, the people again and again faced with the past facts in scientific articles, literary works and media.And all interpretations of the same events may vary significantly.And it is not always possible to include the concept of "historical memory".Arguments event, each author presents his own way, putting his views into the narrative and personal attitude.And no matter what it will be topic - World War II, all-union construction and the effects of the hurricane.
readers and listeners will perceive an event through the eyes of a reporter or writer.Different versions of the facts of the same events give people an opportunity to analyze, compare the views of different people and draw their own conclusions.True memory of the people is able to develop only in freedom of speech, and it will be totally distorted in the total censorship.
The third and most important stage of development of the historical memory of the people - a comparison of the events taking place in real time, with the facts of the past.The urgency of the problems of today's society sometimes can directly be related to the historical past.Only by analyzing the experience of past achievements and mistakes, a person is able to create.
hypothesis Maurice Halbwachs
In theory the historical collective memory, like any other, has its founder and followers.The French philosopher and sociologist Maurice Halbwachs first to put forward the hypothesis that the concept of historical memory and history is not the same thing.He first suggested that the story begins when the end social memory and tradition.There is no need to fix on paper something that is still alive in the memories.
theory Halbwachs argued the need to write stories just for future generations, when witnesses of historical events in the living is low or they have none at all.Followers and opponents of this theory was quite a lot.The number increased after the second war against fascism in the years that killed all the members of the family of the philosopher, and he died at Buchenwald.
transfer methods memorable events
Memory of Nation to past events expressed in various forms.In the old days it was the oral transmission of information in the fairy tales, legends and traditions.The characters of folklore endowed with heroic features real people, distinguished and daring feats.Epic stories always sang praises courage of the defenders of the Fatherland.
Later, it was a book, and now the main source of light of historical facts become media.Today, basically they shape our perceptions and attitudes to the experience of the past, the fateful events in politics, economy, culture and science.
Relevance of the historical memory of the people
In today's world the special relevance of historical memory.After all, without the experience of the past person is not able to recognize that it is possible and what is not.Only by knowing the history of their nation, people are able to determine what is useful for society in the future.
Today's tendency to rewrite historical events should definitely alert the whole of humanity.Unfortunately, some contemporary radical coalition as the basis of their beliefs have a theory of the German representative of irrationalism Nietzsche expressed it in his book "On the Use and Abuse of History."They're trying to rethink the historical experience of the tragic events of devastating wars, arguing that a person needs to "clean up" the consciousness of imperfection.Preservation of historical memory - the main task of the greater part of society that does not accept the distortion of events in the history of his people.
moral crisis the memory of generations
problem of historical memory unites the set of sciences: philosophy and psychology, ethnography, history and sociology.All of them are united in the view that the perception of the events of the time depends on the knowledge and assessment of past events.Historical Memory - is a powerful regulator of social consciousness.If we talk about the Russian society of the modern period, it is safe to say that among the Russians, as well as other nations, obvious moral crisis.
Therefore, the main task for the older generation of our country in the XXI century, becoming the formation of the younger generation priorities and desires to keep the memory of the past of their country.
Formation historical connection generations of Russians today meets a lot of obstacles.On the TV screen, in newspapers and magazines, and especially the Internet are constantly emerging radically opposed illumination of the same events.And this applies not only to the facts of the present, but also the events of the past year and the past centuries.How to avoid breaking historical ties and preserve the memory of generations?
question of continuity of historical memory
theme of historical memory of Russians today sounds almost every conference, in all symposiums on the problems of youth.First of all, we must understand that the problem of the formation of the historical memory of the younger generation is multifaceted, and the influence of many factors have.This is a complex process involving both social and economic conditions, ideology and education, and the general attitude to the history of their country.The main task of science on this issue - a systematic study of history at school and accurate coverage of historical facts in the pages of textbooks.Only then can we realize the slogan: "to preserve the historical memory of the Russians."
Store and cherish the memory of the story begins in the school
Historical Memory Russia overcomes the difficulty for many centuries.This is due to the multinational composition of the population of our country.Each ethnic group, which is part of Russia, has its own culture and traditions, religious values and beliefs.It is therefore particularly important to create a unified curriculum for the Russian-speaking population, which will focus on the formation of Russian national identity.
Already in school children is necessary to form the ability to compare and evaluate the experience of past generations and their own.To this day, this is not an easy task, because in recent decades is clearly observed decline in the prestige of history as a school subject.
sad to recognize the fact that today the only identifier of Russian society is the memory of the Great Patriotic War.The historical memory of the mass death of compatriots in these terrible years of large-scale destruction and the brilliant victories of the military achievements of Russian science - a powerful regulator of consciousness of Russian youth.The merits of our ancestors who defended the independence of the country, and the memory of future generations - the links of one chain of continuity between the fathers and grandfathers, fathers and children.
Why weakening memory of the war?
Time - the best doctor of the pain, but the worst factor for memory.It regards as the memory of generations of war, and in general people's historical memory.Erasing memories emotional component depends on several factors.
first thing that greatly affects the strength of memory - it is the time factor.Every year these terrible days of tragedy is becoming increasingly remote.Since the victorious conclusion of World War II, passed 70 years.
on safety reliability of governmental events of years also affects the political-ideological factor.The intensity of the political situation in the modern world allows the media to evaluate many aspects of the war is uncertain, from a negative point of view, comfortable politicians.
Another inevitable factor in the memory of the people of the war - a natural.This is a natural loss of witnesses, defenders of the Motherland, who defeated fascism.Every year we lose those who bear the "living memory".With the departure of these people win their heirs can not keep the memory in the same colors.Gradually it acquires shades of real events, and this loses its validity.
Save "living" memory of the war
historical memory of the war is formed and stored in the minds of the younger generation not only of the bare historical facts and chronicles of events.
most emotional factor - a "living memory", that is just the memory of the people.Every Russian family knows about these terrible years of the eyewitness: grandfathers stories, letters from the front, photos, military objects and documents.Many war certificate stored not only in museums, but in the personal files.
Little Russians today is difficult to imagine a devastating famine time, every day brings grief.One slice of bread, put the norm in the besieged Leningrad, those daily reports on the radio about the events at the front, the terrible sound of the metronome, to the postman, who brought not only letters from the front, but also funerals.But fortunately, they can still hear the stories of their ancestors on the persistence and courage of Russian soldiers about how little boys slept at their machines, just to make a little more ammunition to the front.However, these stories are seldom without tears.It hurts too much to remember them.
artistic image of the war
second opportunity to preserve the memory of the war - is a fictional description of the events of the war years in books, documentaries and feature films.They are against the background of large-scale events the country has always touches upon an individual person or family destiny.It encouraged by the fact that interest in military issues today is evident not only for anniversaries.Over the last decade, a host of films telling about the events of the Great Patriotic War.For example, a single destiny viewers are introduced to the difficulties frontline pilots, sailors, spies, sappers and snipers.Modern technologies of cinema allow the younger generation to feel the scale of the tragedy, to hear the "real" the guns, feel the heat of the flames of Stalingrad, to see the gravity of the military transition during redeployment
Modern lighting history and historical consciousness
understanding and presentation of contemporary society of the years and the events of the SecondWorld War today is ambiguous.The main explanation for this ambiguity can rightly be considered the information war waged by the media in recent years.
Today, not disdaining any ethical standards, international media give the floor to those who during the war, took the side of fascism and participated in the mass genocide of the people.Some recognize their actions "positive", thus trying to erase the memory of their cruelty and inhumanity.Bandera, Shukhevych, General Vlasov and Helmuth von Pannwitz today became heroes to the radical youth.All this is the result of the information war, which our ancestors had no idea.Attempts to distort the historical facts is sometimes reach the point of absurdity, when the merits of the Soviet Army downplayed.
protection reliability events - preservation of historical memory of the people
historical memory of the war - is the main value of our people.Only it would allow Russia to remain a strong state.
reliability of historical events, publicized today, will help to keep the truth of the facts and clear assessment of past experience in our country.The struggle for truth is always difficult.Even if this struggle is "with fists," we have to defend the truth of our history in the memory of our grandfathers.
