In the early 21st century, the military leadership of the United States has stepped up several large-scale programs, whose main objective is the improvement of the combat capabilities, combat effectiveness and organizational structure of the Navy.Currently reorganization plans for the US Navy is nearing completion.At the same time actively pursued a program to build and restructure the composition of the combat fleet, which form the foundation of its future 313 ships.Significantly expanded and supplemented with the strategic principles of military-purpose Navy, together with the forces of the Coast Guard, Marine Corps and allied navies of friendly and partner countries of the United States.These principles are enshrined in the newly developed American naval strategy.
organizational structure
Navy US has a fairly conservative and largely unchanged framework for almost two centuries.Current changes affected mainly the internal structure of individual commands (middle and senior managers) and the main controls.The naval force includes the navy and infantry, which, in turn, are made up of reserve forces and regular forces.This infantry formally be equated with a particular type of armed forces.There is also a division of the Marine Protection, held by the Department of Homeland Security.But it is only in peacetime.In an emergency situation or war, she becomes subordinate to the Navy.
in the US Navy, the composition of which is constantly updated, by mid-2008 included 332 thousand people.Of these, 51 thousand - it's officers.The number of Marines is at the level of 175 thousand people, of whom 40 000 are registered in the reserve.
two fleets
According to the administrative organization of all the armed forces are given in two fleets: the Pacific and the Atlantic.They combine the strength of marines, as well as air, surface and submarine forces.In addition, the Navy consists of 10 coastal and 4 mezhflotskih command under the Central Government.
Atlantic Fleet
Created in 1906, the Atlantic fleet several times changed its status.In 1923 it was reorganized into the patrol and reconnaissance.In 1941, he again became the Atlantic with the change of command rank.If before the fleet led by Rear Admiral, now he rose to the rank of full ("chetyrehzvёzdnogo") Admiral.From 1947 to 1985 he headed the Navy Commander in Chief (GC).In addition to his main duties, he oversaw the ships in the Atlantic.In 1986 he was transferred to the post of deputy.In late 2002, the title of Chief of the Defence Minister was abolished (applicable only to become the president of the United States), and shall serve admirals and generals were again called team.In 2006 the status was elevated Command naval forces (FFC) to command the forces of the US Navy (USFFC).A commander of the Atlantic fleet began to lead the naval forces of the United States and has received enhanced powers.
Pacific Fleet
head of the Pacific Fleet is directly subordinate to the commander of the US Navy, which gives advice on logistics, training, recruitment and deployment of naval forces general.He also oversees the force and the Atlantic and Pacific.In addition, the head of the Pacific Fleet charged with the management of the Navy units, members of the united armed forces (USJFCOM) and the Strategic Northern Command.At the administrative level USFFC subject only to the Atlantic Fleet, and five onshore and two mezhflotskih command.
operational fleets
This higher operating associations in the US Navy.On the basis of combining several structures were formed Atlantic Fleet 2nd (North Atlantic), 4th (Caribbean) and 6th (Mediterranean Sea) fleet.Homogeneous forces of the Pacific Fleet presented the 3rd, 5th and 7th Fleet.Heterogeneous operating units, compounds and groups that are part of the operational fleet, equipped with support vessels, ships and various divisions (Marine, aviation, and others.).
Ministry Navy
This is the highest administrative body control marines and naval forces.In accordance with the tenth article of the constitution Secretary of the Navy controls all the daily activities of the Ministry, including those related to the conduct of demobilization, mobilization and organizational measures, the formation of the personnel, equipment, equipment, supply, training units and formations of US Navy photo is attached to thisarticle.The Minister is considering the production of programs (or construction) renovation and modernization of vessels, equipment and military equipment, as well as coastal structures and objects.In addition, he formulates strategic concepts and programs relating to the preservation of national security, under the orders of the defense minister and president.
Naval Staff
is the supreme governing body navies.It is headed by the chief military commander (essentially Commander) Navy.Secretary of the Navy has laid on him the general command of the fleet.He is responsible for the use of government resources and rapid response of existing Coastal Command base of the US Navy.He also acts as advisor to the Secretary of the Navy and the President on the conduct of hostilities and the answers to them for all decisions.The subordinate commander of the Navy are the first deputy, the administrative chief of staff and four deputies, heads of directorates (networking systems and communications, the development and planning of strategic concepts, education, training and education of personnel, which will subsequently be chosen form of the US Navy, the integration of resources and capabilities).
staffs operational parts of the fleet
aligned with other operational staffs of the fleets (4th, 5th and 6th), and have a clear organizational structure, well thought-long military experience.This headquarters, led by Deputy Commander includes a staffing management (Intelligence, operational, personnel, operational planning, logistics and so on. D.) And departments (the chaplain, medical, security, and others.).
US Navy Battle
Due to its potential (of a balanced structure and combat capabilities), it always corresponded to the volume and scope of operational and strategic goals established throughout the twentieth century.After the end of the "cold war" and a significant "warming" of the international climate of military combat strength was greatly shortened.But this is only a temporary measure.Although when compared with other countries, then the United States is not so bad and everything.For example, the ratio of the Russian Navy and the United States is 1 in 10.
At the beginning of the XXI century the country's leaders and members of the High Command of the Navy are thinking about increasing naval power.They justified this US entry into the war against international terrorism.In fact, the reason for this war is not the terrorist threat, and the threat of international energy crisis.This war still goes to the Middle East, transformed into open struggle for total control over the international markets of raw materials.
Air Force
This includes multi-purpose aircraft carriers of the US Navy, the core of which are the main battle groups and compounds, and one of the most important components of the operational Fleet.Currently, the ten (11) vessels of this class have nuclear power plants.
When a prompt deployment of aircraft battle groups, each carrier is beginning to take on board the wing designated for them.Since one vessel 11 is constantly on the planned overhaul, the management of regular Navy air wings formed of ten.In each of them comes up to 80 helicopters and planes.And part of the squadrons equipped with the Pacific and Atlantic fleets and part of the Marine Corps.Total available naval aviation aircraft is 4,000 units.
pace of construction of airplanes, helicopters, submarines and surface ships are due to the formation of the necessary regulations ship, forwarding and carrier strike groups.
Surface forces
This includes the US Navy surface ships of the main classes: 22 cruisers ("Ticonderoga"), 33 amphibious ships, 52 destroyers ("Orly Burke"), 30 frigates ("Oliver Perry X."), 10universal "Tara."In addition, there are 9 helicopter dock ships, 12 transports, docks and 14 mine-sweeping "Avengers."Thus, the total number of US Navy ships equals 104 units.In the future we plan to significantly increase this figure.
Warships provide all kinds of protection in the field of military mission and the transitions of the fleet at sea.They also take part in special operations by a missile and artillery strikes on coastal and sea targets.In addition, the updated structure of naval forces included the amphibious ships.There is still a mine-sweeping vessel, self-involved in mine operations.By the way, recently mentioned in the Russian media about the two new ships of the US Navy in the Black Sea.Court appeared there on the eve of the Olympic Games in Sochi in order to ensure safety.
contracts for the construction of the first 2 destroyers (DDG -1000 and -1001) was signed in early 2007 on the seven- and eight-year terms.Manual Navy also allocated funds for the construction of five similar ships (DDG-1002-1006).By 2018 they will be fully prepared.In 2011 and 2013, construction began on 2 cruisers project CG (X).Their fleet consists transfer in 2019.These ships were designed on the basis of the project DD (X), and planned as a replacement for the 22 cruisers "Ticonderoga".However, to continue the construction of a series of vessels of CG (X) is very problematic.Therefore, the Navy is considering various alternatives.One of them - is the creation of a 5-cruisers URO.But the final decision is still pending.
importance of fighting the Navy in the coastal areas gave rise to the creation of an entirely new class of ships designed by LCS - warships of the coastal zone.The first two ships ("Independence" and "Freedom") has already been transferred to the Navy in 2008 and 2009.Construction of 2 of the following ships (LCS-3 and -4) suspended due to the excessive increase in the cost of work on previously signed contracts.These contracts were terminated.Of course, multi-purpose ships of this class are very important for the Navy, but the financing of the construction is postponed indefinitely.Overall, the project plans to build 55 LCS ships.The final decision will be taken only after a thorough analysis and evaluation of combat characteristics already built models.Then the Navy will choose the best project.In any case, the date of completion of this program will have to move much further than indicated in the plan in 2020.
Submarine Forces
includes 4 SSGN ("Ohio"), 52 attack submarines (45 "Los Angeles", 4 "Virginia" and 3 "Sea Wolf") and 14 SSBN ("Ohio").
service life of nuclear submarines (SSNs) in the US Navy extended until 2040 in line with the overall development plan.By the time it is planned to adopt a new generation of ballistic missiles and missile submarines.
According to the current development program of the fleet until 2020, naval forces will need SSNs of 48 units.But this figure is not final and may change in a large, and in the smaller side.
Every year since 2009, was based on a multi-purpose nuclear submarine ("Virginia").The latter will be commissioned in 2015.These submarines will replace part of the boat, "Los Angeles", spent nearly his service life.Since 2011 planned to allocate from the budget for the construction of two submarines per year, and by 2018 - to provide the Navy US 30th submarines of this type.The probability of this plan is very high.
auxiliary fleet
is currently represented by 10 ships and 32 logistics service of rolling stock.In addition, the floating base PLA included in the category of specialized courts, and refers to the mother ship SSBN nuclear missile forces MB.Now the fleet also consists of 5 units of transport ammunition (a new kind of "Lewis and Clark") and supplies.The total number of US Navy (ie ships) has been specified above.
