term "lobbying" was first born in Britain in the middle of the XIX century.In its original interpretation of lobbying - the pressure on decision-makers to ensure that the necessary decisions.A prime example is the direct or indirect pressure on members of parliament during a vote on their draft legislation.That's what started receiving major British industrialists, gathering on the sidelines of the Legislative Chamber during the sessions and trying to somehow convince the parliamentarians to take the necessary decisions.
lobbying today - it is somewhat broader phenomenon.It covers not only the sphere of business interests, but also non-governmental organizations, science, education, arts, ideologies and so on.Political lobbying the big industrialists of the last century had a pronounced negative or even illegal nature.Today, this activity is quite entered into the everyday life of democratic states of the world.In today's world of political lobbying PR - it is also a professional activity.Moreover, in a number of specialties of world and Russian universities recently appeared relevant disciplines.And in the US, as indicated by statistics, there are more than 12 thousand of official lobbyists.
Lobbying in politics and his methods
Separate the two types of actions: direct and indirect.The former includes direct meetings and discussions with members of the Legislative Assembly;presentations and agitation among them;assisting in the preparation of bills;professional advice;various services deputies and political parties;directly depositing money into their account, for example, for the conduct of election campaigns.Indirect lobbying - is mediated action through which caused pressure on parliamentarians.As his examples are the following:
1. The impact of public opinion.In this case, provoked by certain moods in society (usually through the media), and then it becomes a tool of pressure on legislators.
2. Social survey.Such surveys are often pre-planned results.This may be due to selection of a particular social group, region, provoking the problem and so on.Later published the results of such surveys are also a lever of influence.
3. Attracting voters.This is the case when the lobbyists directly appeal to citizens and those campaigning to address, in turn, to the deputies: writing a letter, a phone call.Large-scale option might be the convening of the meeting for the adoption of certain bills.
4. Situational association.In some cases, lobbyists can be combined for individual laws beneficial to the members of the association.Even if the rest of their interests and not the same.MPs are more likely to meet with representatives of these groups, as it eliminates the need to listen to the demands of different groups overlap.Accordingly, it saves time and energy.
