Environmental risk - a probabilistic characterization of the threat posed to both the environment and for the man himself, in the case of different human impacts or other events and phenomena.Any ecotoxicants - certainly a stressor.Environmental Risk Assessment provides that stressor - is any impact: chemical, mechanical, or setting, which causes any change in the ecological and biological systems, both negative and positive.
concept of environmental risk assessment involves two elements: Risk Assesment, or risk assessment, and Risk Management, and Risk Management.Risk assessment is called the scientific analysis of origin, the identification and determination of the level of risk of danger in this particular situation.The term "environmental risk" refers to the sources of danger, threatening the ecological system or a particular process that takes place in it.The environmental performance of the damage - is the destruction of biota, harmful, perhaps even irreversible impact on ecological systems, degradation of the environment, which is related increase its pollution, increased frequency of occurrence of different specific diseases, the death of a large natural features, such as lakes, seas, rivers, forestsand so on.
Environmental risk management can resist.For this purpose it is necessary to analyze the very beginning of the risk situation, and to develop sound management decisions in the form of a law or regulation that is aimed at reducing the risk, or to find ways to reduce it.
theory of ecological risk forms the principles that characterize the attitude of the human community to the need to ensure trouble-free operation of technical objects as sources of increased environmental hazard:
1) Zero environmental risk: This principle reflects the people's confidence in the impossibility of damaging the object.
2) of successive approximations to the full and absolute safety or zero risk: involves carrying out research in this area on the use of technologies that reduce the risk.
3) Minimum environmental risk: a level of risk which the maximum can be achieved on the basis of the principle of justification of all costs to protect human security.
4) Balanced risk.According to this principle is carried out keeping all natural hazards and anthropogenic influences, the study of risk of each of the events and conditions under which a person may be subjected to danger.
5) Acceptable risk.This principle is based on an analysis of the cost-risk or benefit and risk or costs and benefits.This concept comes from the fact that completely eliminate the risk or economically unprofitable or impracticable, and therefore, it is necessary to establish a rational level of security at which optimizes the cost of reducing the probability of risk and the size of the damage possible in the event of an emergency.
first stage assessment of the likely risk - is to identify the real danger for both humans and the environment.At this stage, play an important role research.Hazard identification means finding its signal and its separation from the background.
The second step assesses the exposure, ie the identification of the way in which, through any medium, in any amount, exactly when and how the duration of the impact will be.
third - assessment of dose-response - Quantified laws that links gets a dose of harmful substances with the probability of adverse health effects.
And the fourth - the result of all the previous risk characterization.It includes an assessment of all identified and potential adverse effects to human health.
