Ecology - the science that studies the interaction of living organisms with the elements of inanimate nature.Recently, she began to develop rapidly.This is due to the environmental problems that arise everywhere.Therefore, mankind has been investigating the interaction of organisms with each other and of human impact on the environment.
evolution that occurs in nature, and scientific and technical progress as a result of human activity, have a significant impact on the environment.Under their influence there are big changes in the animate and inanimate nature.But, however, there are some factors that have an impact on the environment unchanged.
entire inanimate and animate nature, flora and fauna - this habitat.Its individual components that affect living organisms - is environmental factors.They are divided into anthropogenic, biotic and abiotic.Anthropogenic factors - effects on living organisms, which occurs as a result of human activity.Biotic factors - a consequence of the influence of living organisms on each other.Abiotic factors - exposure to inanimate nature of wildlife.We can say that every living organism is influenced by all these factors, which to some extent have an impact on it.
If environmental factors and their effects do not deviate from the norm, then the conditions for the development of organisms are favorable.But when one of the factors is beginning to have more or less influence, it becomes crucial.A devastating effect on the living organism can produce as the excess of a factor, and its decline.For example, the crop can be lost due to heavy rains.There is such a thing as an optimum area.It is the conditions under which environmental factors affect the body in the normal range, necessary for its full development.
Abiotic factors include, first of all, the climatic conditions.The main indicators of this factor is humidity and rainfall.These data to some extent, depend on the direction and force of wind.That moisture is crucial for the full development of a living organism.
Another important abiotic factor was light.Here we study the parameters of intensity, wavelength and exposure time.
soil and its composition is another important abiotic factor.Because of her many living organisms take basic nutrients necessary for life.
to biotic factors may include the size and population of species of living organisms, as well as their diversity.That is what determines the interaction of living organisms and the impact they have on each other.As a result of this communication they have formed stable food chain.This interaction forms the rules of the ecological pyramid.
ecological pyramid is a diagram of the energy losses in the food chain.All members of the food chain recovered energy in the order in which they are located therein.The initial source of energy is the sun.The next level of the pyramid of steel plants, which use solar energy.Followed by animal herbivores, carnivores and further.With each level of the pyramid amount of energy consumed for own needs is growing, but productivity decreases.In this regard, each subsequent level lower than the previous.
In this regard, the rules of the ecological pyramid - abundance, biomass and productivity - and show relationships in the system, built on the absorption of energy.
environmental factors affecting the state of the living organisms are an important condition for maintaining the balance of nature.But anthropogenic factor can be modified and improved by man.It was he who, to date, has the greatest impact on the environment as a whole.Change environmental factors a person can not but make its impact less noticeable under his power.
