What is a consortium?Consortium - is a temporary association of independent economic enterprises in order to coordinate the various types of business activities.As a rule, such a union is created for the co-production of a large order and its subsequent execution.Other tasks for which a consortium may be of major projects or programs or placing a large amount of the loan.The consortium can include any enterprise, regardless of ownership.Within this association roles are distributed so that each firm has worked in the area where it has reached the highest technical level with minimal production costs.
Each firm, a member of a union generates its offer to share supplies, which are then formed aggregate supply.Consortium - is voluntary, and exit from its membership at any time.At the same time there are no restrictions on the size of enterprises wishing to join the alliances.
Consortium can be opened and closed.When closed, the work is coordinated by the leader of the participants, receiving for it a certain amount of fees and operating within strictly defined powers.It concludes with the leader of the customer contract.Responsibility consortium open to customers distributed among the participants on the basis of solidarity.When closed, the consortium is negotiating with the customer separately by each participant.
The law of Russia, as in many other foreign countries, there are no legal documents regulating the creation of a consortium.In 1973 and 1979.Economic Commission for Europe, part of the United Nations, has developed recommendations for the compilation of a consortium agreement.
From the point of view of the organization are two main types of the consortium.The first is based on the contract of simple partnership, and the second type, a simple consortium - by obligating each participant relationships with customers and each other.
can identify the following characteristics of such a union:
- organization of the consortium agreement is made;
- creation of such a union can take place with the formation and without the formation of joint-stock company, business entity or other legal entity;
- in the consortium, as a rule, there is no organizational structure, with the exception of the Board of Directors or such a small device;
- economic and legal independence of the participants who choose to join the consortium, is fully maintained.This, of course, does not apply to the kind of activity that is related to the purpose of the merger;
- often Consortium is a non-profit organization;
- within such a union united efforts to implement a specific task, a project or a loan or placement of securities;
- one and the same firm may belong to several consortia;
- in this union not only coordinated the activities, but also to the overall development strategy and investment policy.
main types of consortia created:
- Bank consortium.This alliance consists of a group of large banks.
- Consortium guarantor to guarantee the return of the loan.
- guarantee consortium.This union, distributing the risk taken by each participant and provide compensation.
- Subscription consortium.It ensures the implementation of the loan or the placement of new shares.
- Financial Consortium.This combination of several banks for large financial transactions.
- export consortium that promotes the export operations of each participant.
include subscription or financial consortia can meet and those that operate on a permanent basis.If an alliance has been successful, it could eventually lead to the formation of the corporation.
