leading activities - the child, which he performs within the social situation of development.Running it will determine the appearance and development of the subject basic psychological neoplasms at a certain stage of development in ontogenesis.
At each stage of mental development formed a special social situation of development, which, in turn, contributes to the fact that the leading activity appears appropriate.This is a sign of the transition to a higher level of the psyche.
leading activity is able to detect the emergence of a new stage of development, addressing basic criteria for its diagnosis.It is not immediately and must undergo the formation in social situations.Moreover, the new activities will not cancel the previous type.
Consequently, leading activity is a factor that determines the manifestation of fundamental changes and growths in the mental level of development at certain stages of ontogeny.
How does it work?Within its framework, develop and exercise all the functions of the child.This ultimately will result in qualitative changes.The growing possibility of the younger person will be a source to develop the contradictions in the system "child - adult" who "spill over" in its potential inconsistency arising outdated form of relationship with the environment.It then begins a special development crisis, the transition to a higher level of ontogenesis.
consider in more detail the course of this process, based on the data of modern research.
during infancy (from birth to one year), the social situation will be determined by the fact that a small child can not do without an adult.It it is necessary not only to provide physical needs, but also for communication.Therefore, the leading type of activity - a direct emotional communication baby - form a need and desire to communicate with people.
At an early age (from one to three) baby gets freedom, which is connected with the fact that he was able to move independently.In addition, we are actively developing, and parents are now acting as a mediator between them and the outside world.That adults become conductors, and subject-manipulative activities - leading.Thanks to develop and improve motor and speech skills.
During preschool age (three to seven years), the child enters the adult world with the help of subject-role-playing game.Within its framework, it has the ability to repeat what he sees in the world.That is why there playing doctor seller robbers, war, family and so on.
In the early school years (from seven to eleven years) leading type of activity varies considerably: it becomes the main study.All the efforts of the child shall be directed to learn the basics of science and become a stakeholder.The social situation of development there is a new adult - a teacher who now defines the features of its development, Commending the efforts and ability of the student.
Beginning with adolescence (from eleven to fifteen years), the leading type of activity is socializing with peers, which manifests itself in different social spheres (academic, artistic, athletic, personal and so on).That it is now crucial for the mental development of the child, and the influence of adults, "waste" into the background.
As the growing up and socialization becomes the main work activity, contributing to the formation of his professionalism.
