Orenburg region located on the border areas of different zoogeographical regions and geographical areas.A number of factors led to the originality and uniqueness of the local fauna.
Reserves under state protection are educational (in ecology), research, scientific, environmental agencies.The aim of their activities is to preserve and study the natural movement of natural processes or phenomena.Also on the territory of these zones is replenished genetic fund of flora and fauna, are subject to the conservation community and the individual species of flora and fauna, unique or typical ecological systems.Reserve "Orenburg" - is no exception.
General description
conservation area formed by the four sites with a total area equal to 21.7 thousand. Ha.
Orenburg Reserve contains:
- «Talovskaya steppe" - 3200 ha;
- «Burtinskaya steppe" - 4500 ha;
- «Aytuarskuyu steppe" - 6753 ha;
- «Aschisayskuyu steppe" - 7200 hectares.
All zones are located approximately at the same latitude.Longitude they are spaced from each other by 240, 380 and 75 km.This territorial fragmentation allowed to fully present the main types of landscape found in the steppes of the Orenburg region.
History
first plans for the organization of the protected area were developed back in the twenties of the last century.But in 1975, they began to be implemented.The impetus served as a study of one of the expeditions, the result of which was discovered pristine land in the steppes of the Orenburg region.Finally reserve was created in 1989.
Climatic zone
reigns in the territory of continental, dry climate.The average temperature of 2.5 ° C.The frost-free period in the reserve is 130 days.The average annual precipitation is 390 mm.
Aytuarskaya steppe
territory covers an area of 6753 hectares, it is located on the left bank of the river.Ural Mountains, on the border of the country with Kazakhstan.Until the 60s of the last century in the vast steppes that there were two humble Kazakh village.Steppe and meadow tracts used as hayfields, but to date, all economic activities are suspended.The exception was a horse farm, specially created to Aytuarke to produce high quality kumys.
Orenburg reserve in this area is considered the most mountainous land.It's part of the Ural folded side.The fauna is represented by 38 species of animals.In the area are common ordinary hamsters, loafers, simple slepushonki, birch mice, pikas.Predators are steppe Hori, foxes.The shrubs and woody thickets inhabited by deer, wild boars, moose.
widespread 106 species of birds, pointed out that 41 of these nests.The wide variety of Falconiformes are represented, including the lesser kestrel, saker falcon, imperial eagle, buzzard, Pallid Harrier, Eagle.In this zone of the reserve are found little bustards, partridges, quails.Insects represented a variety of species listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Historical and Archaeological Sites section
At the reserve there are four single and two burial mound.Close to the border area is located in a total of 16 burial mounds.
Aschisayskaya steppe
This zone is located on an area of 7200 hectares, which are Svetlinskoye area.Previously, the steppe was a pasture with a limited load of cattle, some places used as hay.
relief area is flat, flat, slightly sloping.Beautiful contrast Aschisayskoy give steppe relict rock ridge crests, which are not affected by the activities of watercourses and lakes.
hydrographic steppe and hollows are a few lakes, content which depends on the amount of melt water vernal.Most of them have a rounded shape.This is one of the most beautiful places, which boasts a nature reserve "Orenburg".
that protected on this site?
spread on the territory of more than 20 species of mammals, 53 species of nesting birds.Among representatives of fauna (wildlife), the most characteristic species are small ground squirrel, badger, steppe polecat, marmot, fox.Among the birds decided to allocate belladonna, steppe eagle, lark.On the lakes nest steppe Ogar, herons, bittern.
monuments of historical and archaeological value
on the territory of the reserve there is a mound, which, according to the research, belongs to the families of the late medieval nomads.The height of the monument is 1 meter in diameter - 20 m.
Burtinskaya steppe
site is located in the Ural area Orenbuzhya, occupying an area of 4,500 hectares.Steppe during the Soviet era as the hay is partially exploited.The buffer zone consists of saline and meadow tracts, karst lakes Koskol.
steppe is located in the eastern Urals foredeep therefore presented ridgy hilly terrain.Modern landscape began his formation in the Pliocene to the place occupied by plains.The main form of water separating the plateau was Mueldy.
prevailing rocks are represented by continental red conglomerates polymictic.Soil-forming rocks are varied.On steep slopes, and sloping present eluvial deposits of heavy texture.
Within the area identified ten species of soil.The basis of the soil make the southern black soil of origin.Humus horizon reaches about 38 cm, the content of humus reaches 8%.
hydrographic network is very well developed and characterized by a constant flow.It is represented by the upper reaches of small rivers, the sources, temporary streams.In the protection zone, there are two lakes Koskol with karst origin.The water in them slabomineralizirovannaya.
Orenburg Reserve, which is a spring Kaynar (in Burtinskaya steppe) is the stunning countryside.The very source added to the main attractions.The area of its water surface is 15 sqm.It is a powerful, awesome spring voklyuznogo type does not freeze even in winter.
Burtinskaya steppe is considered a benchmark Preduralsky steeply sloping, hilly landscape.The area presented valley-beamed, mezhsyrtovo-valley, syrt-upland terrain types.
Flora steppe identified a number of relics and edemikov gornostepnyh, such as Ural clove, astragalus Guelma, prickly gornokolosnik and others.
State Nature Reserve "Orenburg" in Burtinskaya steppe retains many representatives of flora and fauna.A particular variety and wealth of different fauna.In the area are found around 120 species of birds, including 51 species nesting holds.The most typical representatives considered bustard, steppe eagle, demoiselle crane, kestrel, belladonna, falcon, harrier, black grouse.
Among mammals found 24 species: squirrels, marmots, loafers, hamsters, voles, pikas.Reptiles can be noted steppe viper and swamp turtle.
Historical and archaeological sites
site located on the territory of the burial mound, which belongs to the Sarmatian culture VII-III centuries.d. n.e.The monument is located on a plateau not far from Mueldy survey mark "420.9 m."It is formed by 13 mounds, two of which are particularly large and reach a height of 2.5 m and a diameter of 40 m. Other mounds are almost the same: up to 0.8 m and a diameter of 10 to 20 m.
Talovskaya steppe
The site is located on the Firstarea field and covers an area of 3200 hectares.Up until 1988 there was held a moderate grazing horses, sheep and cattle.Also, there is a summer park sheep, which was found near the pasture degradation of vegetation and soils.
Relief different plain appearance, which was formed mainly in the Mesozoic.Modern type of area acquired during the Quaternary influenced denudation processes that caused the rise of the territory.
Soil-forming rocks are typical saline Tertiary marine clays.The protected area is located in the area of transition from chernozem to dark chestnut soils.On the gentle slopes and watersheds could form medium-calcareous soils.
nature reserve in Orenburg steppe Talovskaya different underdeveloped hydrography.River networks are provided solely temporary watercourses.It is the headwaters of rivers and Malaya Sadomna Talovaya, within the territory they do not have a constant flow.Also, there are no manifestations of groundwater.
Talovskaya steppe is a benchmark Zavolzhskaya-Ural steppes.Landscape structure area formed syrt-watershed, undulating valleys and interfluvial and beamed type.
Historical and archeological monuments of the site
the complex there is burial mound, presumably Sarmatian culture.It can be found on the north-western boundary of the site at the level of 198.9 m. This unique archaeological value, which includes reserve "Orenburg".
director of the protected area
Order of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment of the country's August 19, 2013 was appointed director of the reserve Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov.This is a major specialist, PhD, coordinator of the Steppe UN project at the regional level, associate professor, head of the legal department of the local Agrarian University, which collaborates Reserve "Orenburg".Bakirov different sincere interest in the success of tasks.She inherent professionalism and inexhaustible energy activities so conservation area will only flourish.
Orenburg State Reserve is in good hands.The dedication and professionalism of the new director of the doubt.With work being conducted in the reserve can be found in the media.They highlighted the natural processes occurring in the steppe, environmental events, competitions, publishing and advertising.Due to this nature reserve attracts many tourists.
Excursions
Visiting the unique nature objects people not only get acquainted with the unique environmental situation of protected areas.During the trip, visitors can realize the fragility of its bonds, easily perishable under the influence of man.
To date, the reserve can go on four educational and informative tour routes.This "Timeless World" Trans-Urals, Trans-Volga, Southern Urals, Urals.
Animals
Reserve "Orenburg" is the fauna, which is considered typical for the local area.It is represented by the following types of steppe animals:
- Lun.
- Kestrel.
- Krasavka.
- Strepet.
- speckled hen.
- slepushonki etc.
Orenburg Reserve, animals and plants which are under special protection, also contains numerous species typical of the deciduous forest zone.This mouse European Hedgehog, badger, lynx, kestrel, stock-dove, grouse, Scops Owl, wood pigeon.Also, in a conservation area inhabited by the representatives of semi-desert, in particular, long-eared hedgehog, a small bird.Sometimes there is a bright representative of tundra species - owl.
modern wildlife area is diverse and relatively rich.Here are presented mammals - about 48 species, birds - 190 species, reptiles - 7 species, amphibians - 5 species of fish - 6 species, around 1,000 species of insects.Orenburg Reserve, whose photo is shown below, taking care of the whole ecosystem.
mammals include seven species of insectivores, 23 - rodents, 3 - bats, 9 - carnivorous, 4 - cloven-hoofed animals, 2 - lagomorphs.About 15 species of these animals are common in all areas of the protected zone.Among them, marmots, ground squirrels, voles, mice, flycatchers, birch mice, jerboa, fox, wolf, hare, badger, polecat, weasel, Korsak.
Flora
Reserve "Orenburg" contains more than 600 species of the plant world.This rate is about 40% of the total number of species of flora growing all over the field.Among them great role instances that are endangered.The Red Book of the country classified as 23 species of plants.Many of the flora that live in a conservation area, refer to the mountain-steppe Petrophytes eg kopeechnik serebrolistny, cloves Ural, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.
Reserve "Orenburg" has a special significance for our country.On its territory were able to preserve the unique ecological system of the steppe zone upland landscapes.It is a world in which no anxiety and stress, the kingdom of nature and harmony, which is important to preserve.
