Education in the 17th century in Russia has undergone major changes.Transformation occurred in the education system, and in everyday life of ordinary people and literature, painting.If this knowledge to be able to receive mainly children notable people have individual tutors, now the education is given in schools.Education is becoming available to all, regardless of social status.
Creating private schools in Russia
In modern look created institutions can not be fully be called a school.Education in the 17th century in Russia can be briefly described as an initial.In addition, teachers working spiritual people with its own rules.For his work, they received compensation in the form of food.
interesting to study some "Azbukovnik."It preserved manuscripts and printed books to read children who already have basic skills in reading.
In addition to direct text read in Azbukovnik recommendations were made for the teacher - how to teach reading, rules of conduct at school, church and even at home.
Education in the 17th century in Russia not imply permanent residence of the children at the school.Students, as now, in the morning went to school and came home in the afternoon.The knowledge accessible to all, without exception, and the rich and the poor, and the poor.
Printed manuals - a good support for training
Seizing the opportunity to produce printed books best impact on education in the 17th century.Warden at school each lesson handed out books to students learning.
In Moscow, began to print primers, which could buy even the poorest segments of the population.These books cost just 1 penny, enjoyed great popularity.
noteworthy that the alphabet written deacon Vladimir Burtsev, was sold out in one day in the amount of 2400 pieces.
Later appears the alphabet with pictures published Carion Istomin.This book is built on the principle familiar to us all.Each letter corresponds to a picture whose name begins with this sound.
schools instead of individual repetirorov
In the mid-17th century from Kiev 30 monks were invited scientists.They had to open the school at St. Andrew Monastery in Moscow.The school began to teach young nobles philosophy, rhetoric, Greek, and Latin.
Yet many notable people suspicious of such a system of education.They believed that this method leads to heresy and care of God.
But despite the sidelong glances, schools at monasteries began to appear everywhere.Ivan Fomin, the priest Vvedensky church, at his own expense opened a school.Simeon of Polotsk headed Zaikonospassky school at the monastery.
In the newly opened schools, in addition to Russian grammar, taught Latin and Greek.
In classes necessarily chose elders.They had a lot of weight in the team and could even replace teachers.Their main responsibility is to the distribution of books, duty assignment and control discipline.
For those who received education in the 17th century, strict discipline was at the heart of learning.Especially prized required respect for the book and in general to all the property in the school.
addition to mandatory compliance with the order and perfectly clean, forbidden to slander comrade and calling them insulting words.Thus was conceived a kind of corporate solidarity.
training techniques in the 17th century
If we look at education in the 17th century, a single method it is identical to the rules in force in the schools of Western Europe and Greece.The main subjects were reading, writing, counting and singing.
addition to secular education was compulsory lessons on the basics of religion.In addition, given the basic knowledge in the field of free sciences.These included: grammar, astronomy, music, dialectics, rhetoric, arithmetic, astronomy.
Azbukovnik contained various poems that children are taught and told by heart.Also, students were taught the basics of poetry, taught to write letters to high-ranking officials.
usually written in Azbukovnik, held in all schools, so it is safe to assert that education in the 17th century - a common method of teaching, which later became the basis for all learning.
nuances of training in Russia in the 17th century
Despite the development of science, school began and ended with the word of God.This is understandable, because the teachers were clerics.
But it was the priests spread the idea of general education, universal literacy.It was believed that the knowledge people need to understand the importance of faith and concepts of morality.Must be able to read mainly to independently examine the Scriptures and to understand the full meaning of the secret writing.
main objective pursued by the formation of the 17th century in Russia, was to raise the moral man who knows the basics of Christianity and possessing the skills of reading and writing.
interesting to explore the work of ancient thinkers.Many of his works were translated into Russian, and these were his own opinion.So, schools studied the ideas of Aristotle, "dialectics" of Damascus.On the margins often put different notes, which proves that a careful study of the books of the philosophers.
new level of education gave impetus to the development of art
With universal literacy began to appear in the new genres of literature.Especially great development gained stylistic poetry and short stories.We wrote a lot of plays that are put in the court theater.
painting also underwent a change.There was such a genre as a secular portrait, completely similar to the original.The most well-known at the time the artist was Ushakov, who wrote many famous people of that time.
With the development of mathematics, physics and chemistry, new technologies in the craft of arms, and this knowledge helped spread expeditions.As a result, we absorbed more and more vast territory of Russia.
In general education in the 17th century in Russia, first of all satisfy the interests of the church and the state.Until the mid-18th century, the students acquire knowledge of approved methods.But in the end, the terms of the historical development require further modifications.
