Yenisei is one of the greatest rivers not only Russia but the whole world.Geographic location water area - the territory of Siberia.Yenisei stretches from the Arctic Ocean for thousands of kilometers up to the Kara Sea.It is noteworthy that the name comes from the word "Ionessi" that the Evenk dialect means "great water."In turn, the Big Yenisei was called Bii Khem, a small - Kaa-Khem.
Description
Mouth waters of the Yenisei River originates from the lake called Kara-Balyk, which is in the highlands of the Eastern Sayan.This place is considered to be the source of the Bii-Khem.With regards to Kaa-Khem, he has several tributaries in Mongolia.The merger takes place off the coast of the mouth of the city of Kyzyl.
Description of the Yenisei River is notable primarily basin area.Due to such an impressive size of the water area of Gema is among the seven largest inflows in the world.In Russia grander scale is considered to be only the Ob.The waters of the Yenisei several times larger than the combined basins of the Volga and the Dnieper.The structure of the river is asymmetrical and uneven.Most of the right of the central axis.Asymmetry is achieved thanks to a major tributaries, as the Tunguska and Angara.Opisanie Yenisei River is important to begin with its geographical separation.Today, to distinguish between the upper, lower and middle part of the basin.Because of such a symbol of separation, many people are beginning to confuse, where the Yenisei River on its geological location.In fact, the area of water begins in Siberia and Mongolia, as is commonly believed.With regard to the Upper Yenisei, its length is about 600 km away, and it starts from the point of confluence of Kaa-Khem and Bii-Khem.The middle part of the river is located on the Angara River to Krasnoyarsk storage.Lower Hem is the long and wide.It ends in Ust-Port, near Cape Sopochnaya hag.
Features pool
length of the Yenisei River from the confluence of the Bii-Khem and Kaa-Khem is about 3487 kilometers.The total length of the pool from the farthest point source is 4287 km.The length of the water area, located on the territory of Russia, ranges up to 4123 km.
In hydrology there is such a thing as the length of the waterway.It includes the most important pools, which are in any way related to a particular river.In the case of the Yenisei length of this path will be a route to Ider, including Lake Baikal.This figure is about 5550 kilometers.
total water area is determined by the Hema 2580 thousand square meters.km.According to this indicator pool is ranked seventh in mire.Esche important characteristic is the fall and the slope of the Yenisei River.For the calculation you must first determine the value of the first property.The fall and the slope of the Yenisei River - vzaimoperemennye parameters and depend on each other.In determining the proportion of important indicators are the height of the source (3.3 km) and the mouth (0 km).From the first second is subtracted, and it turns out to 3300 m. The next step is to determine the length of the river - 4287 kilometers.Now 3300 is divided into 4287 resulting value is transferred in ppm.Thus, the fall and the slope of the Yenisei River was 3.3 km long and 0.77 m / km, respectively.
Structure bed
natural border river is considered to be the axis of the separation of East and West Siberia.It is worth noting that most of the left bank of the Hema is the plain, and the right bank - in the mountainous taiga.Swimming pool located in several climatic zones.So where is the river Yenisei, if its lower polar bears, and in the upper - the camels?Geographic source water area is the city of Kyzyl.It was there that merges Big and Small Yenisei.
first 188 kilometers of the river is the relief of depression and endless rolls.In this part of the width of the basin varies from 100 to 650 m with an average depth of 12 m. It is fall and the slope of the Yenisei River is practically zero.Next, the water area is represented at a local reservoir Shushenskaya HPP.For mountain range Sayan track bends sharply left until Mainskaya HPP 290 km.Samym large reservoir on the way Hema is Krasnoyarsk.Its length is about 360 km.The width of the valley in some places than 5 km.With regard to the channel, it is about 500 meters.Closer to the mouth of the Lower Tunguska basin considerably expanded - up to 40 km, and at the Port of Ust-- up to 150 km.This channel maintains its size in the range of 2500 to 5000 m. The depth of the river varies from 5 to 30 m. The last obstacle to the sea are Brekhovskie islands that divide the channel into many channels.The total width of the strait is 50 km away.The end point of the route is the Kara Sea.It is connected with the sleeve of the Yenisei Gulf.
Features waters of
direction of the Yenisey River is straightforward: on the south of due north.Hema water area refers to a type of mixed feeding.This figure is determined by the origins of species.A large proportion of the power pool - snow, it is 48%.Next come the rain inflows - 36% and underground - 16%.Outside food is a source of filling the water area with water.From these, in turn, depends on a watercourse.
Yenisei begins to freeze in early October.In the lower reaches of the basin formed a strong break-up, which lasts until the end of November.In the mountainous areas there are often large ice.Spring is the time for high water, sometimes disaster.In the upper waters of often significant coastal flooding villages, lasting until mid leta.Naimenshy flow of water is observed in the mouth of the river - 1009 cubic meters.m / s, the largest - at Igarka (more than 18,000 cu. m / s).In terms of runoff Hem ranked first in the country.The annual output ranges of 630 cubic meters.
tributaries and merging
mouth of the Yenisei River is homogeneous, but further direction is constantly connected with other large pools.The most significant and large inflows Hema considered Abakan, Sym, Kantegir, Elohim, and Heth, Dubches, Tanama, Tuba, Sisim, Tunguska, Us, Bakht, Kureyka, Angara, Dudinka, Kebezh, Haytayka and others.Total water area is caught more than 500 rivers, whose total length is about 300 thousand km.
By area right tributaries dominate much left.There is a main tributary of the river Angara.Nevertheless, every 10-12 years Lower Tunguska ahead of its annual drain.The reason for this activity is the underground hydrological flow and melting snow.Interestingly, after the point of confluence with the Angara Yenisei it considered it a modern hangar.It's all about the superiority of indicators such as the area of the collection and consumption of water.However, Russian scientists call this area of the Yenisei-Angara.Confluence of the river at right angles.
Big Yenisei
This water area a special place in the hydrological system of Russia.The river is more than 605 km with a total area of 56.8 thousand in the basin square.km.The average water flow is around 585 cubic meters.m / s.This characteristic defines the level of the river Yenisei total runoff waters of Hema.The origin is considered to be a lake called Kara-Balyk.Its height above sea level is 1521 m. The river is considered to be the administrative part of the Republic of Tuva.Shipping route stretches for 285 km from the mouth.It should be noted that the high water content of the water area.It is due to a large area and depth Todzha basin.Its topography allows you to create a huge catchment area.The Bii-Khem flows into about a dozen large tributaries, the largest of which are considered Systyg, Toora and Khamsara.
most rocky part of the coast is on the border with Buryatia and Irkutsk.Here there is a unique geological characteristics of the river.Yenisei River flows through nine inactive volcanic vents.With such dangerous terrain, this area is still untouched virgin for industrial moves.Today this is represented by the lake Azas pool, which is considered the reserve and attracts tourists from all over the world.
history navigation
Currently Yenisey is a major transportation artery and Industry of Russia.On the river daily ply dozens of large and small vessels.Nevertheless, because of the difficult terrain and steep river bed often occur in the waters katastrofy.Esche in 1877 suffered a ship wreck "Thames" and the schooner called the "Northern Lights".From both crews managed to survive a few.In the period from 1892 to 1941 as a result of the strong ice drift has sunk about a hundred ships.
In recent years, the Yenisei carries a risk primarily for its endless flood.As a result, many ships get holes in the mountainous areas of the pool.
ecological tragedy
Today the river Yenisei major accidents linked to the hydroelectric power plant.In 2009, as a result of the spill Shushenskogo pool water were harmful chemicals and oil.It was also destroyed several rooms and important bays station.The result of the tragedy of dozens of lives blown employees HPP.
cause of the accident was called old technology, it is in disrepair.Flood waters in 2009 was a huge human and environmental tragedy for the entire country.Only a year later was able to partially repair the damage from an accident, an estimated nearly 22 billion rubles.In 2014, the state has allocated the same amount for the modernization of the power plant in order to prevent re-tragedy.
fortunate position
River passes through towns such as Sayanogorsk, Kyzyl, Abakan, Krasnoyarsk, Novoselovo, Zheleznogorsk, Cheryomushki, Turukhansk, Divnogorsk, Ust-Port, Minusinsk, Karaus and others.In the city there are dozens of large bridges.The newest of them is a bypass road leading to the highway M53.
Almost all settlements waters of the Yenisei River have direct access to the sea.This facilitates the transport of heavy loads.In the gutter of the river running just 3 hydropower plant providing electricity entire region.
