Father system called "You want to talk about it?Lie down on the couch, "the man who secured a job sexology dreams thought the key to all the problems have been recognized by the entire world, and narrowly escaped death at the hands of the Nazis - Solomon Zygmunt (Sigmund) Freud.
it all began
Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939) - the founder of the theory of psychoanalysis.Having been in the late XIX century medical degree in Austria, he wrote works on the theme of systemic disorders of speech and diseases of the nervous system.However, to gain success in this field it had not happened since interfered with anti-Semitism, which is gaining in scope in society at the time.Because of this, he turned his attention to psychiatry, which was less developed and not very interesting.The move marked a turning point in this branch of medicine, as Freud first considered the appeal to the unconscious man, considering it was his source of mental and psychosomatic illnesses.Freudian psychology is ambiguous, it causes a great deal of controversy to this day.It is enough to Sigmund official attachment to the cocaine!He enjoyed it very strongly and shared with the environment, enthusiastically commenting on the effect of the drug, which is cast depression and promote digestion.During experiments it was found that the "healing powder" can be used as anesthesia in operations on the eye.Cocaine in scientific works was elevated to the rank of Freud panacea, which, in turn, provoked a wave of drug addiction, which did not abate until the 1920s.Because of this, the psychiatrist been universal censure, as was the original initiator of drug addiction among residents of Europe and the United States.In addition, due to the progressive Nazism and anti-Semitism lives psychiatrist and his family was under constant threat, and only because of his popularity the government allowed him to leave Austria and settled in London.The capital of Great Britain took Freud happily, including the Royal Society and providing honor to the end of his days.
Personality Freud: foundations, structure
As mentioned above, Freud was a pioneer in the field of psychiatry, as appealing to the unconscious man, bypassing his conscious manifestation.His works are extensive and specific, but it is possible to isolate the main provisions on which they rely.
Figure schematically shows the personality according to Freud, we consider all of the elements in detail:
- Id - «It is."Human animals is based solely on low desires and needs."It" has one goal - to have fun.
- Ego - «I».It is the man himself as he is from the social point of view."I" indicates the awareness of what is happening, what does Freud fullest cooperation with the outside world, the ability to link the past, present and future, to draw conclusions.It has a protective mechanism, protected from "It".
- Superego - «superego."This is the man who aspires to become a society under pressure."Superego" dictates to man how he should do, based on the graft morality and conscience.
theory of substitution
Ideally, all of these components of personality coexist peacefully - "It" craves enjoyment and if possible get them, "superego" tends to externally imposed ideal, and "I"balances these two extremes.In practice, the ideal is unattainable, according to Freud, for all one way or another is overweight.For example, psychopaths "I" suppressed "It", the thirst for pleasure breaks free, crushing all the foundations.In neurotics - on the contrary, the role of the first violin plays the "superego" perpetual growing dissatisfaction and rejection of its imperfections.
What does Freud treatment of mental disorders?The basic principle - the substitution of "It" or "super-ego" to "I" by the interpretation of dreams and free association.
Personal development
psychologist not only first recognized human sexuality, but also did her accent, claiming that motivates a man libido (lust for sensual pleasures).The development of Freud tied to sexuality, and she appeared together with the person, not only manifested at puberty.Based on this, we identified the following stages of the formation of personality:
- Oral (birth-1.5 years).All the pleasures of the world are concentrated in the mouth.The baby enjoys not only in the process of feeding, but also examines the surrounding objects by mouth.
- Butt (1-3 years).The anal area is the center of pleasure, as the child is trained to defecate on their own, able to manage bowel and so completely dependent on parental care.
- phallic (3-5 years).Libido is manifested in the interest in the genitals, the contact with whom the child enjoys.At this stage, the boys can form the Oedipus complex, which means Freudian desire to mother, girls as analog - Electra complex, or "penis envy."
- Latent (6-12 years).Libido subsides, social self-awareness comes to the fore.
- Genital (12 years).Puberty, Sexuality ranked first.
Is there a conclusion?
explanation of what it means for a person to Freud, is debatable.Consider a person only in terms of his sexuality is not necessary, because it is one-sided.However, himself a psychologist recognized that its judgments are not complete and must be challenged if there will be new data.And do not forget about the fact that the work of the psychologist are the basis for modern sexology, they can find the description and the method of treatment of any deviation.
