Each profession has its own specifics, not only in activities but also in the vocabulary.The terms, names of tools, work activities - all this has its definition, understandable only to specialists.Progress is sweeping the planet, and with the development of science appears more and more new words.For example, it is worth noting that today in the field of electronics, there are nearly 60 thousand items, and in the well-known dictionary Ozhegova them in 3000 less.Otherwise, as the explosion of terminology, it is not called.
professionalism in the Russian language: the place and importance
First of all let us define this phenomenon.Production lexicon - autonomous linguistic system, which is a combination of all the scientific and technical concepts and titles.It is the most developed information function.
special vocabulary penetrates into literary language, which is absolutely inevitable, since highly specialized words may well become commonly used for objective reasons.This includes the popularization of scientific knowledge, and increasing the level of culture of people and accessibility to modern communication technologies.For example, today everyone knows that this apogee and perigee, nobody will be surprised by the expression "soft landing" or Lunar science.
literary language and have a common professional vocabulary word-building basis, so it may be the reverse cycle: already known concept to a new value, which has a narrow specialization.
Communication Professionals, all kinds of scientific papers, reports and production reports contain examples of professionalism, which have their own classification.
linguistic concepts of special vocabulary
First of all, the term (from the Latin - "border").So it called a word or phrase (in other words - the linguistic sign), which correlates with a special concept.That the terms included in the vast majority of neologisms appearing recently.An example is the professionalism in medicine.
terminosistemy: its components - is, in fact, the same linguistic signs, but the past evolution of the function as disparate (singles) definitions before connecting into a coherent scientific theory.
Nomen (Latin for "family name").It is an independent category of vocabulary, indicating the identity, visible subject.For example, when we show the device and say that this is an oscilloscope, then we will submit it every time it as soon as you hear this word.For the layman not imagine another device, visualizing electrical oscillations.
most democratic notion of special vocabulary - it is professionalism.They received a special distribution in speaking, as most of them are informal synonyms of scientific concepts.Example of professionalism can be found in dictionaries, newspapers and magazines, and literary works, they often operate in these texts figurative-expressive function.
Classification occurrence
There are three ways of education special words:
- Actually lexical.It is the emergence of new special items.For example, fishermen from the verb "shkerit" (gutting the fish) to form the name of the profession - "shkershik."
- lexical-semantic.The emergence of jargon by rethinking the already famous words, that is, the onset of the new value.For printers not cap headdress, and combining several publications header.A pipe hunter represents nothing more than a fox tail.
- Lexical derivation.Examples professionalism arisen in this way, it is easy to determine, since it uses suffixes or adding words.Everyone knows what the reserve (the reserve part of the machine or to something) or a chief editor - the editor in chief.
features speeches and special words
Despite the apparent restriction in the use, professionalism found in all styles of the Russian language.Dryness official style no surprise, therefore, and professionalism in its simple function of transmitting the meaning of the utterance.
Regarding the scientific speech, there is the professionalism used for several reasons:
- for better assimilation of information through imagery specialized vocabulary;
- make it possible to quickly memorize the text by the capacity of concepts;
- avoid tautology, is put in place terms examples of professionalism.
for journalistic and artistic styles of the use of specific words is happening with the same function:
- information;
- communicative (not only communication hero a hero, but the reader-author);
- verbal economy of effort - professionalism always explains the short term;
- cognitive forming cognitive interest.
Where there are special words
main source of professionalism, first of all, are native Russian words have undergone semantic rethinking.They emerge from the vernacular vocabulary: for example, for electrical wire becomes thin hair.Conversational colloquial stratum of vocabulary gives the name of a hammer handle - ubivka and jargon proposed driver downtime call "kimarit."Even local dialects shared definition for the high road - the highway.
Another source is the appearance of special words borrowed from other languages.The most common of them professionalism - examples of words in medicine.What is the name of the take, solid Latin, except duck under the bed.Or, for example, the foreign press with a form called a cliche, from which we have only the designation of drawing made of it.
Any industry has production facilities make up the system, which can be allocated classes.And then, and another requires certain names for incorporation into thematic groups.
About lexical-thematic groups
Trade names include not only knowledge about the industry, but also the attitude of the speaker to the subject.From this point of view, they are objective (usually a nomeny) and subjective:
- expresses negative or irony to the subject.Thus, the faulty machine motorists - the coffin.
- relate directly to the title.It thus became a bomber aircraft bomber.
- Even on the quality of the work may indicate professionalism.Examples of words in the construction of masonry say pustoshovka (slightly soluble) or Zavalinka (uneven walls).
These thematic groups are in certain relationships, and they crushed the reality with words.
About lexical-semantic groups
Professional words are united not only by the presence of emotional evaluation in the subject or title, but also to interact with each other.This applies semantic relations: synonymy, homonyms, polysemy, metaphorical.In this regard, the following groups:
- Words having equivalent common lexicon.Their meaning can be found by opening the Dictionary.The professionalism of this order in the Russian language a lot: mine - big mezhkolonochnye space on a newspaper page.
- Terminology synonyms.In different areas of expertise it means the same thing.For example, motorists, builders and machinists scrap called "pencil".
- ambiguous words.The word "Lada", except for the well-known value of the car as a trade mark is an indication of a specific camshaft in mechanical engineering.
And finally, on the jargon
Each profession has a number of words, phrases, expressions, which contain a very bright expression.It is usually informal synonyms of certain terms.They are used exclusively in the speech when communicating specialists are called "professional jargon."
specifics of this language makes it incomprehensible to the human hand, which is outside of the scope of activities.Many programmers have a tinge of professionalism jargon: kettle, a dog or a cot.They are already more like slang - a social dialect common in narrow professional or even asocial environment.The function of this conspiratorial language, it is only "their".
Conclusion
Everything that concerns the professional vocabulary, jargon, and even slang, you must constantly study, since it is large enough lexical layer, which can not be ignored, as it reflects the historical processes and the development of society.
