Plunge deep into the centuries, try to understand the meaning of the scepter and orb in Russian history.
Sceptre is a rod shaped.It was made of silver, ivory, gold, gems framed and used heraldic symbols.In the history of Russian scepter - a successor to the king's staff, a symbol of power of the grand dukes and kings.Talking about the symbols of monarchical power, you need to focus on power - the golden ball with a cross and a crown.The surface of the sphere is usually decorated with semi-precious stones and symbolism.From the Old Russian word "drzha", which means "power" and was the name.Scepter and orb of Russian tsars are the oldest insignia of autocratic power.
balls Sovereign or Sovereign apples - as they were called in Russia, also served as the attributes of power Roman, German and others. Emperors.
Crown of the Russian Empire
Turning to the regalia of Russian emperors, is to highlight the crown of the Russian Empire.Coronation in the kingdom enjoyed Cap of Monomakh.
In Russia, the first imperial coronation rite was performed over the wife of Peter the Great Catherine Alexeyevna, later became Catherine the First.It is for Catherine I specially produced the first Russian imperial crown.
Cap of Monomakh - the ancient regalia
mention of Monomakh appeared in the XVI century.in "The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir".It says Constantine Monomakh - the Byzantine emperor, who ruled in the XI century.Hence the name.Most likely, Ivan Kalita was the first of its owner.According to art history data, Monomakh's Cap was made in the East, in the XIV century.It is the ancient crown of Russia.Its not worn as everyday headdress, and used, crowning Russian emperors from 1498 till 1682-th year.The crown consists of gold plates with patterns.At the top of the crown is a cross inlaid with precious stones.Cap of Monomakh framed sable fur.Weight crown without fur - 698 grams.
Thus, the Cap of Monomakh, as well as the scepter and orb, a symbol of Russia since the pre-Petrine times.By the way, it is credited with medicinal properties.Thus, it is believed that it can get rid of various ailments, especially headaches.
scepter and orb of Tsar Boris Godunov
emergence of such concepts and items like scepter and orb as symbols of power of the Russian state, is associated with the reign of Boris Godunov.They were ordered in 1599-1600 years of the masters at the court of Rudolf II.Production took place in Eger (Cheb modern city).Jewellers in creating a set of traditions followed Renessansa.I although there is a legend that says that the scepter and orb were sent back in the XI century.Prince Vladimir Monomakh, in reality, they were presented to Tsar Boris the Great Embassy of Emperor Rudolf II, who ruled the Holy Roman Empire.In 1604 they have been applied as part of his grand attire.
Monomakh scepter was made of gold and enamel details.As the decorations were used twenty diamonds, a large emerald and other precious stones.Power has an enamel inlay.For details of scenes from the reign of David.Decorated Power 37 large pearls and 58 diamonds, 89 rubies and emeralds and tourmalines.
Crown - the most important regalia Mikhail Romanov
Tsar Mikhail Romanov belonged to the crown of the "Big attire."It has made a deacon in 1627 Euthymiou Telepnev.He was the chief master of the Armory.Crown Crown consists of two tiers.At the bottom of the outer frame is vosmizubchataya diadem.Crown sable fur framed with precious stones.After the XVIII century the crown "of the Big dress" was the crown "of the kingdom of Astrakhan."
Lost insignia of the Russian Empire
Have survived only a few jewels.They have found a worthy place for the existence of the Armory in Moscow.But many of them are irretrievably lost.These include the "Big crown" Tsar Fyodor I Ivanovich.Speaking of this work of art, it must be said about his ineffable uniqueness.Crown produced in Istanbul at the end of the XVI century.As a gift of the Patriarch of Constantinople Erema II sent a crown King Feodor I Ivanovich, who was the last of the kind of Rurik."Big crown" was worn only by kings important celebration.Around 1680 the crown was dismantled.Subsequently, it's parts were used for "diamantovyh caps" Ivan V and Peter I.
crown, scepter and orb on the royal coat of arms
In 1604, at the False Dmitri, on the small print it, there was an image of three crowns under the eagle.This image appeared for the first time and did not last long.However, in 1625 instead of a cross between the heads of the eagle came third crown.This image appeared during the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich to the small print state.Also it made in 1645 for his son Alexei in the Great Seal.
orb and scepter on the emblem was not until the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich.In 1667, with the image of the state regalia of power appeared state seal of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.For the first time in June 1667 of the fourth king and formally given a clear explanation of the symbolism associated with the three crowns.Each of the crowns, and the coat of arms depicted on the appropriate print -Sibirskomu kingdoms, Kazan, Astrakhan.A scepter and orb Russian means "autocrat and winner."And already in 1667, December 14, there is a first decree on the coat of arms.
crown, scepter and orb on the arms of Russia
Centuries later, 25 December 2000, adopted the constitutional law "On the State Emblem of the Russian Federation."This state is represented by a symbol heraldic shield.It is rectangular, red.The lower corners are rounded at it.In the center is a golden eagle with two heads, each of which is crowned with a small crown, and above them stands a large crown.The value of the three crowns is the embodiment, not only the sovereignty of the whole of Russia, but also of its parts, that is, the subjects.Also depicted on the emblem of scepter and orb.Photo regalia affect its beauty.The right paw an eagle holding a scepter, and the left - power.
scepter and orb are symbols of a unified Russian state and government.Also on the eagle's chest there is a picture of the silver rider on horseback.A man kills a black dragon with a spear.It is allowed to reproduce the coat of arms of the Russian Federation not only in color but also in monophonic.If necessary, it can be represented without a heraldic shield.
author of the most common images of the emblem of the Russian Federation is a national artist Eugene Ukhnalev.
