We sometimes little thought to the meaning of the word.And sometimes it is necessary to do so!And if suddenly asked to fast on the fly to give a definition: "A citizen of the state - is ..." not just once be able to answer this important question.Let's try to restore justice.Today, the term "citizen" is certainly not unique.
legal sense
citizen - is the subject having a certain legal relationship with a particular state.This allows it to exist within the legal framework of the country to enjoy legal privileges and duties, legally established.In the framework defined by the legislation of the state, the individual has legal capacity to perform certain requirements, but he has the freedom.So, it turns out, between citizens and the state having mutual claims and guarantees for their execution.Consider the legal framework of these relations.It is obvious that the citizens of a specific country legally different from foreign citizens and persons without any citizenship who are on the ground that State.Simply put, their rights and responsibilities are different.
Legally, the definition of "citizen - is ..." is used to highlight people who are in a legal relationship with the state, distinguishing them from individuals just in the territory of the country.Recall that to mean any person who is within a certain state, irrespective of his nationality, has the term "natural person".The advantage of citizens to individuals enshrined in law.
political meaning in the political context of the citizen - a person who has a sense of duty, responsibility for the people, their homeland.He unselfishly seeks to participate in social and public affairs, of course, from the comfort of the legal framework, enshrined in law.A synonym of the word - a patriot, a man with all his heart cares for the interests of the country, the people, the community, ready to make sacrifices for the sake of the Motherland.
Citizen - this honorary title
In this context the word is used to refer to people respected society and the state.Sometimes an honorary citizen of a particular area: the city, the area of the country.Assign the title and a person can not legally a citizen of the state for special merits before the add-on.
history
foundations of democracy and state of law were laid in ancient Greece inhabitants of larger settlements.People living in urban areas (polites) had no right to allow to influence the policy of the state.In ancient Rome, a free citizen - resident of Rome, and then to other cities in Italy.Citizen (England), citoyen (France) - these words come from the "city" on one or the other language in Europe.The origin of the word "citizen" in Russia - from the Old Church "beyond the fence, in the City."Other than "citizen" is used to mean having some rights of the inhabitants.In the tsarist empire - in order to identify a person living in the city, unlike the peasant dwelling in the countryside.In pre-revolutionary Russia, the supposed equality, acquires antimonarchic sense in opposition to the term "national" means powerlessness.It becomes widely accepted treatment "citizen" rather than "sir" or "mister".In the USSR, the word sounds in speech the official, along with the word "comrade", but acquires a certain sense of alienation communicate.Official "citizen" emphasizes a certain distance, while "comrade" - the principle of equality.
Rights and obligations
So the ambiguity of the word implies constant contact with the person of their country.The state gives citizens - which they have may be - equal rights.It is committed to protecting them.Any person born in the territory of the state, automatically acquires all the rights of a citizen - potentially.That means it can take advantage of them, but maybe not.Terminated with the death of a man standing and well recognized for all citizens without exception.It implies the right:
- inherit, bequeath property;
- engage in business or any other activity not prohibited by law;
- choose a place where to live;
- have copyrights on inventions and works of literature, art, science;
- have other property and non-property rights.
In turn, giving such privileges, the state requires something in return.The duties of a citizen - that the duty to defend the motherland, and the duty to comply with laws, legally established in the country.
Under current law, a citizen of the Russian Federation - is first and foremost an individual born in the country.Legally capable persons who have attained the age of eighteen, as formalized citizenship.The man, whose residence is maintained for at least five years old and did not go beyond the territory of the Russian Federation for a period exceeding ninety days, also give citizenship.At the moment it is received simplified rules for refugees, students, foreigners who have contributed to the development of the country, and if one parent is a citizen of Russia.Simplified it and if your spouse (wife) already have Russian citizenship.And yet - for the residents of the former USSR and veterans.
