All living organisms need to be fed to the existence, including the plant.It breathes, grows, removes unwanted substances multiplies.A living organism - a biosystem.But that is absorbed by plants from the soil and air?
Air
power plants absorb from the air required elements.But the most important process that allows the formation of organic matter is photosynthesis.It uses solar energy, which interacts with the chlorophyll in green leaves.A chemical reaction occurs.Plants absorb carbon dioxide and water to synthesize carbohydrates.Subsequently, oxygen, which is necessary for the life of many beings on Earth.
Further, the plants formed complex carbohydrates and organic connection.Mineral nitrogen compounds contribute to the synthesis of proteins, amino acids.It uses the energy that comes out of the bonds of ATP in photosynthesis.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air for their existence.A photosynthetic rate depends on the illumination, the required number of elements in the air, water, and mineral elements.
majority of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis plants absorb from the air, and get 5% through the roots.With leaves digested and sulfur, and nitrogen.But most of these elements come from the soil.
root nutrition
Many elements required for the existence of plants absorb from the soil.Nitrogen and zonal elements come through cations and anions.Only legumes have the ability to absorb atmospheric nitrogen on a molecular basis.There are a number of elements that absorb vegetable organisms:
- nitrogen;
- phosphorus;
- sulfur;
- calcium;
- potassium;
- sodium;
- magnesium;
- iron.
Plants can affect the soil in solid form, the required transfer of the substance to the desired state.
absorption capacity of the plant root system
Different plants vary in capacity of the root system.The root grows at the tip, which protects the root cap.From it at a distance of 1-3 mm root hairs grow.With their help, it made the movement of water from the root to the parts of the plant that grows above ground.Furthermore, they are absorbed via other elements.
Root hairs - a thin outer cell growths.A lot of them, maybe hundreds, or even thousands.On this depends the absorption capacity of the plant.
absorption of nutrients
Due to mineral nutrition of plants to move the necessary items.The soil nutrient salts are formed, they dissolve, dissociate into ions.When breathing Green plants absorb through their roots, while carbon releases.After that come the metabolic processes.This first stage of the power with which the surface of the root saturated nutrient salts.
Moving and turning salts
Once the roots have received nutrient salts, it is their movement and transformation into the necessary material.This energy is released.This creates the necessary conditions for root respiration.If soil aeration is good, then there is proper oxygen supply.Influences on the life of plants and the corresponding temperature, the presence of toxins in the soil.
All mineral and organic substances which are formed, move to leaves.
Thus, the flow of ions to the plant substances takes place in 3 stages:
- change ions from a solid form, move to the root surface;
- penetration of roots;
- their motion in the organs of the plant that are above ground.
carbon dioxide and plants
When breathing green plants absorb carbon dioxide from which the carbon.This item is a must for him to existence.Furthermore
air, carbon dioxide contained in the soil.Therefore, many gardeners fertilize the soil with special organic and mineral solutions.
Another source of this vital element are living beings.They identify it with breathing.Because of this, it increases the amount of air, and plants thereby develop fruit.
way, in greenhouses contains a small amount of carbon dioxide, so put the barrel, which is filled with a solution of bird droppings, or mullein wandering.From the content of the required element is increased.And in the open field used fertilizer.
role of soil in plant life
soil - is the top layer of the planet.With its help plants develop and produce fruit.She appears on the interaction of living organisms with rocks and substances that appear on their destruction.Soil contains mineral particles, mineral salts, organic substances, and air.Due to the fact that the residues are decomposed dead organisms, there is an organic soil.It is called humus.
growth and development of plants depends on the amount of water in the soil.Green inhabitants of the planet to absorb the substance in dissolved form.Because of this, some plants do not survive in arid areas.But abundant moisture can destroy them, from this decay occurs, the roots die.
The air is also very important in the life of the plant.In soil, its presence is mandatory.Both water and air penetrate better into the loosened soil surface.Therefore, in the gardens several times a year, loosen the soil.From this crop is better developed and bears fruit.
role of nutrition
plants absorb from the air necessary elements to ensure that such processes:
- livelihoods;
- growth of organs;
- reserve substances;
- appearance of fruits and seeds.
From lack of the required elements of a plant slowly developing.With the dramatic increase in food shortages plant organism stops.But an excess of any of the elements is also capable of harm.
often people who grow crops, create the necessary conditions of the soil with the help of fertilizers (this ensures good plant growth and development).Also regulate air power.
Many people wonder what the plant absorbs oxygen.They are in fact a great many.Through sunlight photosynthesis, absorb carbon dioxide, but in the dark plants breathe oxygen.
Soil protection
People destructive influence on nature, destroy forests, build reservoirs, reducing soil fertility incorrect irrigation.As a result, plants may not exist, because the salt in large quantities disrupt their development.
Because salinity and other phenomena of land area that could bear fruit reduced.But deserts are increasing their space.Over the past 20 years, more of them for 100 million hectares.If this continues, then eventually on planet earth can not be used for agriculture.
In order to keep the soil is required to take measures to prevent salinization.We need to cultivate the land without harming it, fertilize it properly, it is not necessary to apply pesticides.To combat pests, there are analogs that are not harmful to the biological environment.
To preserve topsoil from wind shelter belts should be done.They will allow moisture to be retained in the fields.
spectrum of radiation absorbed by plants
What emission spectrum is absorbed by plants?Through photosynthesis plant organisms, released energy necessary for their existence.It uses solar lighting.Chlorophyll absorbs it in red and blue parts of the spectrum.
Besides photosynthesis in plants and other processes occur.They affect different parts of the light spectrum.Fast and slow development of plants depends on the alternation of dark or daylight.The red parts of the spectrum affect the development of roots, flowering, emergence and maturation of the fruit.Therefore, in the greenhouse were placed sodium lamps, which emit red region of the spectrum.But the blue area influences the growth of leaves and the plant itself.If this area is not enough, the seedling will reach up to find the right light.
Therefore, the person who cultivates the plants should be placed lamps that emit red and blue colors.Different manufacturers specifically for horticultural produce such illuminating devices.
So, for the development, growth, fruitful plants need food.It carries it with soil and air.The lack of some elements, unsuitable conditions plant growth will slow down.
