alphabet (Cyrillic and Glagolitic) - Meeting in a certain order of signs expressing the individual sounds of the language.This system has received the written symbol is quite self-development on the territory inhabited by ancient peoples.Slavic alphabet "Glagolitic" supposedly was created first.What is the secret of the ancient collection of written characters?What is the Glagolitic and Cyrillic?What is the value of the main characters?This was on.
Mystery of written characters
As you know, the Glagolitic and Cyrillic - Slavic alphabet.The very name of the meeting obtained from the combination of "az" and "Buki".This symbol indicates the first two letters "A" and "B".It is worth noting an interesting historical fact.Ancient scratch out the letters on the walls of the original.That is, all the characters were presented in the form of graffiti.Around the 9th century on the walls of the temples of Pereslavl appeared the first characters.After two centuries, the Cyrillic (images and interpretation of signs) has been inscribed in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev.
Russian Cyrillic
It should be noted that the collection of ancient written characters, and now responds well to the phonetic structure of the Russian language.This is primarily caused by the fact that the sound structure of modern and ancient language had not so many differences, and they were not significant.Furthermore, it should pay tribute to the originator of the system - Constantine.The author carefully took into account the phonemic (sound) part of the old speech.At present only a part of the Cyrillic capital letters.A variety of characters - uppercase and lowercase characters - were first introduced in 1710 by Peter-M.
main signs
Cyrillic letters "Az" is the start.It denotes the pronoun "I".But the root of the meaning of this symbol - the word "beginning", "beginning" or "begin".Some writings can be found "Az" is used to mean "one" (as a cardinal).Cyrillic letters "Buki" - the second meeting of the sign symbols.Unlike "Az", she does not have a numeric value."Buki" - it is "to be" or "will."But as a rule, I used this symbol in the revs of the future tense.For example, "Bodie" - "let it be" and "coming or future" - "bouduschy."Cyrillic letters "lead" is considered one of the most interesting of all the congregation.This symbol corresponds to the number 2. The "Lead" has several meanings - "master," "know" and "know".
upper part of written characters
It should be noted that researchers studying the outlines of characters came to the conclusion that they were quite simple and clear, which makes extensive use of them in cursive.In addition, any Slav quite easily, without much difficulty, could portray them.Many philosophers, meanwhile, see in the numerical arrangement of symbols and the principle of harmony of the triad.That it should reach the people, seeking to know the truth, goodness and light.
Message Constantine descendants
should say that Cyrillic and Glagolitic constituted a priceless creation.Constantine and his brother Methodius not just structured written signs, but has created a unique collection of knowledge, calling to seek knowledge, perfection, love and wisdom, avoiding enmity, malice, envy, leaving only a light.At one time it was believed that the Cyrillic and Glagolitic were created almost simultaneously.However, this was not so.According to a number of ancient sources, the first still was the Glagolitic.That collection was first used when translating religious texts.
Glagolitic and Cyrillic.Compare.Facts
Cyrillic and Glagolitic were created at different times.This is indicated by several facts.Glagolitic, along with the Greek alphabet, was the basis for the later Cyrillic.In the study of the first meeting of written characters scientists note that the mark is more archaic (in particular the study of the "Kiev leaves" of the 10th century).While the Cyrillic alphabet, as mentioned above, phonetically close to a modern language.The first entry in the form of a graphical image of written characters dated 893, the year and close to the acoustic and lexical structure of the language of the ancient peoples of the South.In most ancient Glagolitic indicate also palimpsests represent manuscript on parchment, where the old text scraped off and written over the new one.They all had scraped Glagolitic, and then on top of it inscribed Cyrillic.None palimpsest was not vice versa.
ratio Catholic Church
In the literature there are reports that the first meeting of the written character was written by Constantine the Philosopher in one ancient runic letter.It is believed that it could be used by the Slavs in secular and sacred to the pagan before Christianity was adopted.But however this evidence is, in fact, confirm the existence of the runic script, no.The Roman Catholic Church, oppose the conduct services in the Slavonic language for the Croat Glagolitic characterized as "gothic alphabet."Some ministers openly opposed the new alphabet, saying that it was invented by a heretic Methodius, who "at the Slavonic writing many false against the Catholic religion."
Look characters
Glagolitic and Cyrillic letters are different from each other in shape.In an earlier writing system, the appearance of signs at some point coincides with Khutsuri (Georgian letter created before the 9th century, on the basis perhaps Armenian).The number of letters and is in a different alphabet is the same - 38. Some characters individually, and the whole system "dorisovyvanie" small circles at the ends of lines, in general, has a pronounced resemblance to the medieval Jewish Kabbalistic fonts and "runic" Icelandic cryptography.All these facts can be completely random, since there is evidence that Constantine the Philosopher read ancient Jewish texts in the original, that is, was familiar with eastern inscriptions (stated in his "Life").Inscription almost all Glagolitic letters tend to derive from the Greek cursive writing.For non-Greek characters using the Jewish system.But meanwhile precise and concrete explanations Inscription forms for almost any single character not.
Coincidences and differences
Cyrillic and Glagolitic in its ancient version of its composition is almost completely the same.Excellent form only mark symbols.When reprinting typographically Glagolitic text in Cyrillic characters are replaced.This is due primarily to the fact that few people today can recognize the mark of a more ancient.However, when replacing one another alphabet are not the same numerical values of letters.In some cases this leads to confusion.For example, in order glagolitsa numbers correspond to the letters themselves and Cyrillic numbers attached to those in the Greek alphabet.
Appointment ancient letter
tend to talk about two types of Glagolitic letters.There are more ancient, "round", also known as the "Bulgarian" and later "angular" or "Croatian" (so named because that was used in the commission of the Croatian Catholic worship until the mid-20th century.).The number of characters in the last decreased gradually from 41 to 30 characters.In addition, there were (together with authorized book) cursive letter.Glagolitic in ancient Rus almost never used - in some cases, there are separate "blotches" Glagolitic text fragments in Cyrillic.Ancient letter was primarily designed to transmit (transfer) church meetings, and preserved the early Russian monuments of domestic letters up to the adoption of Christianity (the oldest inscription is considered the inscription of the 1st half of the 10th century on the pot, found on the mound female) performed in Cyrillic.
theoretical assumptions about the primacy of the creation of the ancient letter
in favor of the Cyrillic and Glagolitic were created at different times, say a few things.Moreover, the first was created by second.The oldest monument of Slavic Glagolitic alphabet letters made.More recent discoveries include more advanced texts.Cyrillic manuscripts, in addition, a number of features copied from Glagolitic.In the first grammar, spelling and style are presented in a more complete form.In the analysis of handwriting seen a direct correlation Glagolitic letters from the Cyrillic alphabet.For example, the letters of the last replaced similar-sounding Greek letters.In the study of more recent texts are observed chronological error.This is due to the fact that Cyrillic and Glagolitic assumed different systems of numerical correspondences.The numerical values of the first focused on the Greek alphabet.
What system of written symbols still amounted to Constantine?
According to some authors believed that philosophy was first Glagolitic and then, with the help of his brother Methodius - Cyrillic.However, there is evidence to refute this.Constantine knew and loved Greek.In addition, he served as a missionary in Eastern orthodox church.At the time, his task was to attract the Slavic people to the Greek Church.In this regard, for it made no sense to draw up a written system, moving away peoples, impedes the perception and understanding of Scripture by those who in Greek was already familiar.After creating a new, more advanced writing system, it was difficult to imagine that ancient archaic letter would be more popular.The Cyrillic alphabet was more clear, simple, beautiful and clear.It was convenient for most people.While Glagolitic had a narrow focus and was designed to interpret the sacred liturgical books.All of this points to the fact that Constantine was engaged in drawing up a system based on the Greek.And later Cyrillic is more convenient and simple system replaced the Glagolitic.
to some researchers
Sreznevsky in 1848 in his writings that evaluating characteristics of many Glagolitic characters, we can conclude that this letter more archaic, and Cyrillic - is more perfect.The relationship of these systems can be traced in some lettering, sound.But at the same Cyrillic it has become more simple and convenient.In 1766, the year the Earl Clement Grubisichem published a book about the origin of systems of written signs.In his work, the author argues that the Glagolitic alphabet was created long before the birth and is therefore a much more ancient collection of characters than the Cyrillic alphabet.Approximately in 1640, the year Raphael Lenakovichem was written "dialogue", which he claims is almost the same as that of Grubisich, but almost 125 years earlier.There are statements Chernoriza brave (the beginning of the 10th century).In his book "On Writing", he stressed that Cyrillic and Glagolitic have significant differences.In his texts Chernoriz Brave evidence of a discontent created by the brothers Constantine and Methodius system of written signs.The author quite clearly points to the fact that it was Cyrillic and Glagolitic not saying that the first one was set up before the second.Some of the researchers, evaluating mark some characters ("u", for example), makes other than those described above conclusions.So, according to some authors, the first Cyrillic alphabet was created, and then - Glagolitic.
Conclusion Despite the fairly large number of controversial opinions about the appearance of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic, the importance of establishing a system of written signs is huge.The emergence of the meeting handwritten signs people were able to read and write.In addition, the creation of brothers Constantine and Methodius were an invaluable source of knowledge.Together with the alphabet formed a literary language.Many words today are found in a variety of related dialects - Russian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian and other languages.Together with the new system of written symbols and changed people's perception of antiquity - in fact the creation of the Slavic alphabet was closely associated with the adoption and spread of the Christian faith, the abandonment of the ancient primitive cults.
