As a rule, the modern standard English curriculum does not include some important moments in the training, and among them the ability to determine the type of style and, accordingly, the right to read the whole word.How to do it?
syllables in English
Some theoretical aspects of linguistics is not always required for beginners.Perhaps one of the optional skills to those who are studying English at the professional level is hyphenation.Usually this is not serious difficulties, but in this case it is necessary to know the basic rules, because they are significantly different from those adopted in the Russian phonetics.
The general rule is that the number corresponds to the number of syllables vowels.This means that you need not look at the letter, and listen to pronunciation of the word, as in English an abundance of silent vowels, diphthongs, etc... In addition, syllabic may be the so-called resonant consonants, so that the word "mild" woulddivided thus: mi | ld.In the future, it will become clear why this is so.
hyphenation is done at the end of a word: student - stu | dent, money - mo | ney, permission - per | mis | sion.
agree, which is on the border of two syllables, thus, is adjacent to the vowel following it.Doubled sounds are divided.All this is important if you want to find out how to pronounce this or that unknown word.Also, for this you need to know about the closed and open syllables in the English language.
rights impact read
types of syllables in the English language are different from Russian classification.There are four species, while in other, usually only two.
Firstly, it is an open syllable.In English, it ends in a vowel sound.This comes into effect the rules of reading.
The second type - a closed syllable.It ends at one or more consonants (except for the "r").In this case, read a brief vowels.
third and fourth types of syllables - conditionally open.They end with "r" or "re", the preceding vowel when it is read in a special way, which will be discussed below.
Of course, every rule has exceptions.Indoor and outdoor syllables in the English language - not a guarantee that the vowels will be read one way or another.However, such cases are not so frequent.
way, primarily for the correct pronunciation of the words you need to determine the stressed syllable, because what he is open or closed, is of paramount importance.Vowels as in the others, as a rule, are pronounced quite neutral or even become mute.But with the accents usually a problem, because English is a language of their own free arrangement.
Open
This type includes such syllables that end in a vowel.Analyzing the word visually, necessary to consider the presence of a silent "e" on the end, because it was she who opens the preceding syllable.In this case, most of the vowels are diphthongs.
General Rules read in this case are as follows:
- a [ei] - pale, name;
- e [i:] - to be, she;
- i [ai] - to bite, kite;
- o [ou] - to go, so;
- u [ju] - to use, pupil;
- y [ai] - to type.
But this is not always valid, for example, the word "to come" phonetic "o" does not conform to the rules, despite the presence of a dumb "e" at the end of a word.In this case, it is read on the principle of a closed syllable.What is this principle?
Closed
Syllables of this type, in contrast to the open, always end with consonants (except r).
Accordingly, in this case, the vowels are pronounced short and easy.
- a [æ] - bad, cat;
- e [e] - to let, pen;
- i [i] - list, to sit;
- o [ɔ] - to lock, pot;
- u [ʌ] - must, sun;
- y [i] - myth.
closed syllables in the English language there are, perhaps, somewhat less than the open.It is precisely due to the fact that at the end of a word often have silent "e".But both indoor and outdoor syllable in English, unlike Russian, are not the only types.There are two species that are not always considered.But they are also important features to consider when studying the rules of reading vowels.
Conditionally open
These two types of syllables sometimes called half-closed.They end with "r" or "re".The idea is that in this case it will be, respectively, closed and open syllables.In English, it is not so, and vowels while before these letter combinations, acquire new, more complex sound, to "re" Some of them even become diphthongs.
In the first case, if it is a syllable ending in r, everything will be:
- a [a:] - park, dark;
- e [ə:] - term, her;
- i [ə:] - bird;
- o [ɔ:] - port, short, world;
- u [ə:] - to burn;
- y [ə:] - Myrtle.
second, if after a vowel is "re", they sound different:
- a [ɛə] - to care, nightmare;
- e [iə] - here, mere;
- i [aiə] - fire;
- o [ɔ:] - core;
- u [juə] - cure, sure, pure;
- y [aiə] - tyre.
In addition to open and closed syllables in the English language, as well as the third and fourth types affect the reading of certain vowels, there is a huge number of combinations of letters, which also have a special significance.This knowledge can be obtained both in theory and transcription easy to remember words, meeting with them in practice.
For the simple use of language in daily communication or correspondence can not know such details, as the rules of the division of words and syllables classification.
rules read vowels are so many exceptions that almost lost its meaning.That is why the closed and open syllables in the English language more interesting and useful to linguists than the simple townsfolk.
