history of the development of management science includes several major schools: scientific management, classical (or administrative), the quantitative management methods, as a school of behavioral science and human relations.
Classical School of Management basically continues the first independent school in management science, scientific, the main idea of which is to develop the scientific principles and techniques best able to organize the work and to maximize the productivity of labor.In other words, the school of scientific management in the management of its primary aims are the improvement of the working process.
we are considering classical (administrative) School of Management, in general, to develop the ideas of the previous direction, focusing more on the development of the principles of governance directly, so do not industrials, namely the managers are the highlights of its representatives.The founder of the school of Henri Fayol was the leader of a major French company, the main work of his followers also had to do with the top echelon of administrative management.Their ideas were based largely on a scientific methodology and on personal experience.
The basic principles of the classical school of management
Classical School of Management has created a system of universal principles related to two aspects.One of them - a rational management system, uniting the different functions of business: production, finance and marketing.The second aspect relates to the construction of the structure of the organization and management.
Henri Fayol formulated 14 principles of governance applicable to management of all types of organizations and ensure productive workflow:
• The principle of the division of labor implies that reducing the number of objectives might make more work on improving its quality, whileprovided that the force towards the implementation of this work will remain the same.A large number of targets, according to Fayol, prevents the worker to concentrate on the main task, dispels his attention and wasting effort.
• Authority and responsibility: the first gives the right to order the second - to perform it.
• Discipline requires compliance with an agreement between the workers and the organization of both sides equally.
• Unity of command: concrete worker is subject to exactly one supervisor.
• Unity of direction: each group is united for one purpose should have a general plan and a leader.
• The principle of subordination of personal interests common implies that the interests of any one employee subject to the interests of the group.
• Ensure equitable remuneration of staff in support of responsible workers.
• Centralization: the right balance between decentralization and centralization should meet certain conditions.
• Classical School of Management ambiguously defined his attitude to the scalar chain of hierarchical system of management positions (from the highest to the lowest level).On the one hand, the scalar circuit in most cases is justified, on the other hand, must be able to reject it if it is detrimental to the enterprise.
• Order.
• Equity combines the goodness and justice.
• stable jobs for workers is always going to benefit the organization.
• The initiative involves the development of the plan and its implementation.
• Corporate spirit enhances efficiency.
Classical School of Management has made a significant contribution to the theoretical development of management.
But aspects such as psychology, behavioral and other factors not taken into account when constructing the concept that prevents consider creating a school management system as absolutely effective.
