The companies use different types of organizational structures, the choice of which will depend on the goals, objectives and functional purpose.At present, it has developed several best species.Consider in more detail linear, linear-scale, functional, linear functional, matrix type of organizational structure and others.
frequent situation when major companies allocated within subdivisions (departamentizatsiya), if required by its strategic plans.In this case, the structure becomes a divisional (hierarchical), which:
- regulates the division of the goals and objectives for the departments and offices (sales, production, purchasing, and so on);
- determines their competence in solving specific problems;
- highlights the presence of the total interaction of all elements of the overall system;
- able to "unload" the supervisors using the delegation of powers.
its disadvantages are:
- great managerial personnel costs;
- complexity in information communications.
Linear types of organizational structures are characterized by the following relationship: the higher-Head Head of performers.These companies present only vertical relations, and they are allocated solely on the basis of the functions.
disadvantage:
- presence of high requirements to the head and his constant loading.
As a result, the growth of enterprises, they tend to be converted into linearly-scale types of organizational structures that are similar to the previous one, but the management is concentrated in the headquarters.The result is a group of employees who are not directly issue orders to the performers.But they have to perform consultations and to prepare management decisions.
disadvantage:
- increased maintenance costs of staff workers, in poor working they are useless.
The further complication of the production may be necessary to have specialized workers, shops, sites and other.Gradually formed functional types of organizational structure.The works are distributed by function, and the company is divided into elements having specific tasks.Gradually, there is such a hierarchy: head-functional and sectional heads (finance, marketing, production) -ostalnye employees.
Disadvantages:
- lack of flexibility and coordination among functional departments and divisions;
- the presence of a low speed in decision-making;
- lack of accountability at the functional directors of the outcome of the enterprise.
There are also types of linear-functional organizational structures.This is a very complex system.In such companies, the main control is linear, but it is not the function will not work properly and cope with the goals and objectives.
In that case there is a need to accelerate product updates, the matrix appear types of organizational structures.Their essence is the following.The current structure formed workers (temporary) group when their leaders transferred employees and other resources (-their) units (th).As a result, documented design departments that implement targeted programs and projects.They are in the double subordination and have a flexible allocation of personnel, effective implementation of the goals.
Among the main shortcomings can be identified:
- complexity of the structure;
- frequent occurrence of conflicts.
These are the most common types of organizational structures.
