Natural lighting - the most favorable for a person, so it is necessary to give preference to him, making out a particular room.Performed works differ different levels of complexity, therefore need a different level of concentration and eyestrain.In this regard, the design of buildings and premises should be guided by the norms of developed natural light.These rates are regulated by law in accordance with the hygiene requirements to be respected organizations, institutions and enterprises.Natural lighting is artificial and should be the right to the inhabitants of the flats and workplaces feel comfortable and stay healthy.The optimal light source is sunlight.
Standards of natural lighting
considered the most optimal size of the window opening, in which an area is not less than one-tenth of the floor area.Keep in mind that curtains and blinds reduce the illumination premises, so it is advisable to use them only when absolutely necessary.Natural lighting throughout its depth is possible to perform due to reflective surfaces such as windows, floor, ceiling, so this factor must also be taken into account.In order to provide light those areas, which are close to direct sunlight, use special prisms that direct sunlight deep into breaking the beam.
When the rough natural lighting should be 40lk and 1.33% is the rate of natural lighting (KEO);at the middle precision - 80lk and KEO = 2.66%;at the precise work - 150 lux, and KEO = 5%;with very accurate - and 300lk KEO = 10%.In those cases, if the windows facing north, it is possible to improve the light, raising high the openings of large area and stained floors, walls and ceilings in light colors.
Combined lighting
Although naturally considered to be optimal, it is often not enough, so artificial lighting is provided premises.
It happens:
- general (all rooms are equipped with the same lamps that are evenly spaced over the illuminated surface);
- combined (total and lighting fixtures in the workplace).
a modern building with a glazed side in the daytime use of natural light and artificial at the same time (combined).It is important that these two species in harmony with each other.For this purpose an artificial lighting fluorescent lamps are used.
Greenhouse lighting
main factor for the development of the plant is the process of photosynthesis.It affects the growth and yield.Light - a source of energy for photosynthesis, so when building a greenhouse it should be optimally positioned to most effectively take into account the natural light.Typically, this room is oriented to the cardinal points - from west to east.
But at this rate not only affects the way a greenhouse located.Coating condition plays an important role as well.On the transparency of the coating influences the quality of the material used, the degree of contamination and time of operation.Cleaning and washing is preferably carried out in the fall and early spring.
plants inside the greenhouse should be placed so that they do not obscure the opaque elements of the building.Inside the greenhouse space all non-transparent part (for example, racks) is recommended to be painted white to create more light.You can use the reflective screens, iron sheets, mirrors, windows are located to the front side.
light-loving plants in winter may not be enough natural light, so it should be supplemented by artificial.When growing seedlings of bell pepper, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers and other plants, lighting should be good for 10 hours a day.For this purpose the fluorescent lamps that are not heated and may be located close to the plants.
