Age of the 17th century is characterized by the first bourgeois revolution in England and the Netherlands, as well as radical changes in different spheres of social life: political, economic, social relationships and consciousness.And, of course, all this should be reflected in the philosophical thinking.
empiricism and rationalism : development background
development of science in modern times was determined manufactory production, the growth of world trade, navigation and military affairs.Then the ideal person to have seen enterprising merchants and inquisitive scientist.Advanced European countries, is committed to the economic and military domination, supported the science: education scientific academies, societies, clubs.
why modern science and developed so well - then there was algebra, analytic geometry, the foundations of integral and differential calculus, and others. All of the research combined into a single method - Experimental Mathematics.Leading the trend was mechanics that studies the motion of bodies and played a great methodological significance in the birth of philosophical and ideological views of the 17th century.
philosophy tied to the social soil, not only by the natural sciences, but also with the help of religious outlook, the state ideology.Addressed scientists and the divine omnipotence, and the "world reason" and to the "first impulse."And the ratio of idealism and materialism, atheism and theism - not a tough choice - "either, or is it ..." The philosophers agree on natural science vision of the world to the existence of so-called transcendental personality.Thus, the concept of "two truths" (the natural and divine) in modern times, and broke with a vengeance began the controversy over whether that is the basis of true knowledge - experience, or intelligence?So, in the 17th century a new philosophy based on the idea of the importance of an experimental study of the world of self-worth and mind.
empiricism and rationalism: definition of categories
Rationalism - this is such a philosophical concept, by which is meant that the foundation and existence, and cognition - is the mind.
Empiricism - this is such a philosophical concept, which means that the basis of all knowledge is experience.Proponents of this trend believe that the mind has no power, and the power - only in knowledge, sense experience.We differentiate between the idealist empiricism, where the experience is presented as a set of ideas and feelings, and materialistic, where a source of sensory experience is taken outside world.
empiricism and rationalism : the main representatives
Prominent representatives among rationalists were: Plato, Socrates, Epicurus, Democritus, Kant, Descartes, Spinoza, Baruch, Leibniz.Empirical outlook supported Francis Bacon, John Dewey, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke.
empiricism and rationalism in the philosophy of the New Age : problems
most difficult for both philosophical concepts was the problem of the nature and origin of consciousness sensuous components - ideas and explanations for the fact of their presence in the composition of the indisputable knowledge.
how to solve this problem proponents of concepts such as rationalism and empiricism?First applied to the teaching of what inherent properties of our consciousness we have.Most of his sensuous elements appear, according to their opinion, and there are the properties of the human mind.It seems to exist in the world as an independent and can function and evolve without resorting to the external world.Thus, it is possible to have an adequate knowledge of reality, and the conditions for its appearance - is the ability to extract and process using logic alone all the ideas and knowledge of the outside world.
findings as empirical theory diametrically opposed to rationalism.So, there is the knowledge of the subject, its sources - a sensation, and the result - processing of material and information that deliver senses.The reason, according to empiricism, of course, is involved in the processing of sensations, but to knowledge does not add anything new.
