Every healthy person is able to control their movements, that is, he can at will slow down or speed up the movement of limbs, change their amplitude and direction.However, the situation changes dramatically if there are a variety of nervous system disorders.In particular, if the process affects the area that regulates motor activity, then there are involuntary movements.Consider the main movement disorders associated with this process.
Diseases of the nervous system
nervous system, which make up the central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (nerves, nerve processes and end) system regulates all the processes occurring in the human body.Violations in the work manifest various pathologies affecting both the internal organs and systems, as well as higher nervous activity.This is because the nervous system is highly branched, and each part is unique.Often one of the symptoms of nervous system disorders are movement disorders, including involuntary movements.Typically, the most common are the following:
- tremor (shaking) - is involuntary, rhythmic vibrations of the body (usually the head or hands);
- giperkinezy - strengthening muscle movements that differ from larger amplitude tremor;
- myoclonus - sharp, sudden involuntary contraction of muscle groups (wince), which capture the whole body, the upper part or arm.
Essential tremor
This type of tremor is one of the most common forms of involuntary movements.It can manifest itself in youth and in old age.Often it becomes a decisive factor hereditary.This type of involuntary movement is a postural tremor that appears when you change the position of one hand at first, then two.It may be increased to the point that prevents writing to keep in the hands of small items.This most often happens when the excitement and after drinking alcohol.The process can capture head, chin, tongue and body and legs.However, most of essential tremor is a hand shake.Treatment in most cases, not required.If the tremor is pronounced and hinders the normal life of a person, usually a neurologist appoints beta-blockers.If the excitement and experiences are provoking factor that causes hand tremors, treatment may consist of taking tranquilizers.
Parkinson's disease
Another common ailment, a sign which becomes severely impaired motor function is Parkinson's disease.This pathology is related to the gradual dying off of brain neurons that produce dopamine (a neurotransmitter that regulates movement and muscle tone).According to statistics, the disease is exposed to every hundredth person passed the sixty-year milestone.Men get sick more often than women.The causes of the disease have not been studied in detail.For a man who has such diagnosis as Parkinson's disease, the treatment, unfortunately, is symptomatic and does not guarantee recovery.
Usually, the first symptoms of the disease often go unnoticed.As the noted decline in manual dexterity, skudeet mimicry appears mask-like face.Also, there is a tremor of limbs, involuntary movements of the head, disturbed speech, the ability to control their movements.Slow walking may be replaced by an irresistible run that the patient is not able to stop.In the future, impaired balance and walking problems are amplified.
Treatment
In such diseases as Parkinson's disease, treatment often comes down to the use of drugs that slow the progression of the disease.It is therefore important to identify it at an early stage.When the first symptoms, when there is a chance to slow the destruction of neurons in the brain, it is necessary to consult a neurologist.
To date, the main drug that slows down the disease process is "levodopa".It is used in conjunction with several groups of means, but, unfortunately, can only slow down the progression of the disease.However, currently active research possible treatment of Parkinson's disease by surgery - transplant patient cells capable of producing dopamine.
Chorea
another disease, which is a sign of hyperkinesis (involuntary movements), is a choir.In its broadest sense, rather, it can be called a symptom, as the reasons causing it may be very different.Chorea is shown brandishing involuntary movements of limbs, head and torso.There may also be involved tongue and facial muscles.Often these movements are compared with a grimace, dance.A characteristic feature is that during sleep are all symptoms disappear completely.
reasons chorea
As mentioned, involuntary movements of chorea may be caused by a number of not linked to each other causes.The most common are the following factors:
- heredity - in many inherited genetic diseases such as disease Konovalova-Wilson observed symptoms of chorea;
- cerebral palsy;
- long-term use of drugs - be it antipsychotics, antiemetics;
- infectious diseases - often involuntary movements in children (chorea) occur after strep throat;
- chronic insufficiency of cerebral blood supply;
- inflammatory brain disease (vasculitis);
- hormonal disorders (in particular, when there is insufficient parathyroid function).
chorea Treatment depends on the cause, caused it.This can be the underlying disease treatment, removal of the drug, or reduction in the dose if the reason was overdosed, and symptomatic treatment of cerebral palsy and brain blood supply insufficiency.Chorea of any cause using B vitamins and preparations improving nutrition and brain stimulating (neyrotrofiki, nootropics).
myoclonus
Still other involuntary movements is myoclonus.Most often, this phenomenon can be observed in yourself or the people around them falling asleep.Also, it has been called "startle night."Generally, they are completely secure, but in some cases are expressed to the extent that there is an infringement of sleep.This happens most often when a person is relaxed and ready to sleep.Muscle contractions may provoke noise or other external factors, and the process of falling asleep can be significantly disrupted.Usually sleep myoclonus do not require medical treatment.
situation becomes much more serious if the person observed myoclonic seizures or convulsions.As a rule, they are one of the signs of a serious condition such as epilepsy.Miklonichesky attack can cause a drop, during which a high risk of a fracture or head injury.The duration of the attack is 1-2 seconds, he abruptly begins and ends abruptly.
myoclonic jerks often appear contractions of muscles in the arms.In the early stages of their marks only the patient, over time they are aggravated - a man drops the items can not hold them in their hands.Most often, such episodes are observed a few hours after awakening.In case of delayed treatment to specialists going generalization of the process, and convulsions in the limbs join tonic-clonic convulsions and disabling consciousness.
hyperkinesia in children
involuntary movements may suffer both adults and children, while for the latter the most typical myoclonic manifestations.Most often this is expressed in the summary recurring reductions of certain groups of facial muscles.Typically, these events occur after excessive fatigue or anxiety child.Another frequent hyperkinesis in children is chorea.It is characterized by recurrent twitching muscles of the head and shoulder area.The main cause is usually carried baby stress, which may be a non-event, from the viewpoint of an adult.That is why parents must be attentive to the slightest manifestation of involuntary movements of their children.
As you can see, a healthy person is able to make and arbitrary, and involuntary movements.However, if they start to affect the quality of life, the consultation of the neurologist is necessary.
