Syntax - section of linguistics that studies the structure and means of expression of grammatical basics and minor sentence.Subject and predicate is the main center of semantic statements.Without at least one of the main proposals as a fully fledged member of the lexical and grammatical units can not be.But the secondary elements, even though they are so called, play an equally important role in the transmission connotations statements grammatical relations within it.Supplement, definition and circumstance - the members of the sentence carried out an explanatory function, refers to one of the most important in describing them.
definition
We will understand more fully the fact that such a circumstance.It includes nouns and adverbs, pronouns, answers the question "where?", "What?", "How?", "When?", "Where?" And others. They indicate the place, the cause, the duration, image andt. e. factor connected primarily with verbs, in particular with the predicate.Especially if it is expressed transitional predicates, for example:
- Natasha carried doll (where?) room .
- Mitya whole summer with my father lived (where?) the country.
- guys jumping (both?) high and (as?) noisy .
In addition to these parts of speech, the circumstances expressed pronominal adverbs, gerunds, infinitive form of the verb:
- brother went outside to breathe clean air and enjoy a frosty clear glitter stars.
- Angry baby and sat scowling resentfully turned away to the side.
This is in general coverage of the topic "What is a fact."Now let us consider it in more detail with specific examples.
Types circumstances
Depending on the circumstances of the values expressed are divided into lexicosemantic groups, each of which corresponds to a number of questions.These include:
- word meaning place.Asked questions: where?where?Where?For example:
- Good (where?) Where (where?), We do not.(In this sentence, the circumstances expressed adverb phrase and indivisible.)
- Natasha arrived (where?) From the city.(In the role of circumstances serves a noun with a preposition.)
- word for time.Q: How long - how long?when?how long?For example:
- I left (when?) Early (when?) Before dawn.(Adverb and a noun with a preposition.)
- I'm afraid that with the hay (until when?) Before the thunderstorm we'll manage.(Noun with a preposition.)
- What is fact measures the extent and mode of action?They answer the question: to what extent?how?as?how much?and others. For example:
- Scared puppy squealing around his feet and looked at the big dog (how?) askance (adverb).
- Pearl Necklace looks (how? What extent?) Extremely effectively and (how?) Smart (adverb).
- circumstances of the value comparison.They answer the question: how?like what?Like what, to whom?For example, the proposal:
- bright, golden (as, like who?) Butterfly circled (where?) In the air maple leaf (noun).
- Outside the window (like who?) Crying baby blizzard howled (expressed noun).
- What circumstance causes: verbs and nouns, answers the question: why?Why?for what reason?Examples of proposals:
- I did not argue with him (why?), So as not to quarrel.(Infinitive with the particle not.)
- The child dizzy (why?) From hunger.(Noun with a preposition.)
- Circumstances goal.These include the questions: to what end?what for?for what?They can reveal the proposals:
- horses stopped (for what purpose?) To drink and breath.(Infinitive and idiomatic verbal types.)
- guys were (why?) Me to visit and cheer.(Unspecified form of the verb.)
- circumstances of the conditions and concessions.Questions that can be put to them: under what conditions?in spite of that?For example:
- When strictly necessary (under what conditions?), I had to call the commander.
- Despite the approaching storm (despite that?), The caravan wandered his way.
Parsing circumstances
Like any part of the sentence, the circumstances to be parsed.The procedure for its next:
- necessary to isolate the desired unit from the proposal;
- specify which category of value factor is;
- determine the part of speech that it expresses, for example, where we live well (here - the fact the place is expressed dialect, well - factor measure and degree, expressed adverb).
ambiguous words
The development of language systems, there is such a thing as polysemy, or ambiguity.It points out that the word may be not one but two or more lexical meanings.Russian language is precisely to such a complex, multi-level education.Polysemy is associated with the phenomenon of imagery, expressive, trails.In light of this, you can give another definition of the circumstances - not as part of the sentence, and the lexical unit.This word has the following connotations: the situation of the case, the state, condition, situation, for example:
- conditions under which there was a duel, soon became public.
- A detailed study of the crime scene investigator became known new details.
As you can see, the word is a noun, and has a rather extensive series of synonyms.This category is the expression "life circumstances": a number of situations that resulted in certain events, phenomena and actions.
legal term
In law, there are also phrases that include this token.In a certain context, they have the opposite meaning and form antonymous pairs.This "special circumstances extenuating" and "aggravating circumstances".The first criminal law designate such phenomena which indicate that the offender is not as dangerous as it could be, in the absence thereof.On the contrary, aggravated criminal guilt is considered more serious aspects.
