Russian language - a complex phenomenon, bright, extremely diverse.This applies to all of its levels.Particularly interesting phenomena in it can be seen at the level of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar.These formations primarily in the most complete form to tell us about the changes that occur in speech and writing over time, under the influence of the events taking place in society.If archaeologists extract information about the "deeds of bygone days", dealing with the artifacts, the linguists doing a same work, studying the life of the word.
Lexical Changeling
vocabulary, perhaps the most moving of language formation.It is more than other sections of philology connected directly to speak with a live communication.Therefore, the lexical composition of the Russian language is so rich, multileveledness, diverse.In addition to traditional synonymous and antonymous groups enter into a sophisticated correlative relationship, linguists have identified one more extensive common words, called homonyms.It is extremely heterogeneous, its lexical units themselves form several separate branches.This, besides the homonyms, homophones and homographs, examples of which we have to analyze.
definition
term has come to us from the Greek language and literally means "same writing" or "writing the same."What does it mean?And that homographs - examples of words that have a similar graphical style, but are pronounced differently and do not coincide in their lexical meaning.The difference in pronunciation is mainly caused shock mismatch positions or phonetic and grammatical laws.The most famous homographs, examples of which demonstrate this distinction - and the word za'mok zamo'k, a'tlas and atla's and others.
explain to children
vocabulary studied in detail at the school in the 5th grade and then had targeted children are not returned to the studied material up to the final exams, when you need to remember and organize the whole knowledge base.You can not say about the other language sections.Therefore, it is important that students originally learned well and is easy to classify the various linguistic phenomena.Explaining the lesson that is homographs, examples of the teacher must analyze in detail, following the principle "from simple to complex."E., In the beginning he explains, then asks the students to do the same.It is very important in the process of passing the threads give the words of the lexical interpretation.Only then will a strong absorption of the material, and memorizing - conscious.
Context environment
Therefore, dealing with the theory, from a methodological point of view would be more appropriate not lead single homographs - examples of phrases with explanatory words will be much more visible.If the teacher writes on the board the phrase "old castle, medieval castle, stone castle, the castle with tall towers, the royal castle", the children will be very clear that we are talking about the architectural structure, a residential building, and so on. D. Further, it is possible to themselves1-2 record with a suitable proposal homographs.Examples: "On a high hill stood a formidable medieval castle.He was surrounded by impenetrable stone wall. "Now homograph: dodgy lock, padlock, broken lock, the lock on the zipper.Children immediately determine that these examples have in mind a mechanism to close anything.And will continue to do a series of "Daddy slammed the door a new reliable lock.We can not be afraid for the safety of his apartment. "If the teacher in the classroom in the following classes from time to time to come back to this material, it would be beneficial for language practice students.
close, but not identical
Naturally, the child is difficult to store in memory all the information received during the period of apprenticeship and in its original form to bring them to the exams.The first thing he starts to get confused when the material on lexicology loses relevance - what homographs and homophones (synonyms, antonyms, homonyms are remembered more strongly, t. To. They differentiated features more pronounced).Homophony phenomenon is based on the proximity of the sound (the "background" - the sound).Yes, these words are written the same way too often (not always!) But they have the same accent, and at homographs - no.Homophones - is: onions - a plant and onions - the weapon, scythe - hair and braid - Agricultural machinery, flu - a disease and fungus (different graphical shell for the same phonetic clearance!) - A plant.
Systematics homographs
homography problem of Russian linguists have begun to seriously engage in this, the 21st century.Until that time, this linguistic phenomenon seen superficially.In modern philology, in addition to graphic homographs (ie. E., In its pure form) are allocated:
- words that are written the same and refer to the same part of speech, for example, flour 'and mu'ka;
- mapped to a different part of speech the word accessory: zvo'nok and zvono'k;
- situational homographs: at Ko'li - if '.
variety of tasks to help students entertaining slant penetrate deeper into the mysteries of the Russian language and deal with its peculiarities.And be sure to teach them to use dictionaries, including dictionary homographs!
