In Russian, any "stranger" speech, expressed literally and included in the text of the author, is called direct.In conversation, she stands out pauses and intonation.And in the letter can be isolated in two ways: in one line "in the selection," or writing a paragraph with each replica.Direct speech, punctuation marks for its proper clearance - a rather difficult topic for children.Therefore, the study of one of the rules is not enough, must be good examples of writing such proposals.
To select a dialogue on the letter
Direct speech "dialogue", punctuation and layout conversations in writing - it is a complex subject, which must be properly sorted out.Firstly, replicas that belong to different persons often recorded paragraph.For example:
- A Look-ka out at the nest: is there anything?
- Nothing.No eggs!
- And some shells around the nest to eat?
- There are no shells!
- What !?Not really a beast which got into the habit of stealing eggs - it is necessary to follow!
It is a dialogue between two persons, decorated using indentation allocation in which each new paragraph with a replica of one of the interlocutors must always begin with a dash and capitalized.Replicas thus may consist of one or more declarative sentences, or exclamation interrogative type.
Secondly, direct speech, punctuation, after which put in a special order, can be written in one line.For such a design dialogue "in the selection" without specifying who they belong to, each of them must be enclosed in quotation marks and highlight with a dash.For example:
«Well, what are you?" - "I'm afraid, and suddenly the ladder to fall?" - "Stairway do not fall, but a basket of eggs to drop the can!»
If, after one ofstatements follow the author notes, the dash before the next phrase is omitted.But before the words of the author by a comma and dash.
«She's sleeping," - said Tanya."Where sleeping, show!".
Direct speech before and after the author's text
If you talk to the writing of several people included preceded with the author, then they are followed by a colon.Moreover, it is necessary and in cases where there is a verb determines the continuation of the conversation, but it is clearly visible line.For example:
mother smiled:
- You're my good girl!
Also, the phrase can be written in one line, only need to use quotation marks: For example:
mother smiled: "My you are clever!»
worth noting that unspoken thoughts or inner speech writers always stands quotes, regardlesson, where the proposal is located.Also on the letter quoted take sounds echo.For example:
«Who would have some hot tea," - he thought.
I stand and think: "And why this rain?".
«Hey, people?" - Echoes loudly repeated.
Voiceover sounded clear and loud: "Attention, attention!".
Before you write a word of direct speech, after the author's words always put a colon and the open quotation marks.Replica always begin with a capital letter, before the closing quotation marks put an exclamation or a question mark, but only after the point of quotation marks.
Special cases of registration of direct speech
There are some cases where, after the author's words are direct speech, punctuation, in which are slightly different from those described above.Namely, if the absence of a verb denoting subsequent replica, you can not put the words "and said," "thought," "and said," "and asked," and the like, in such cases, a colon after the author's notes do not put.For example:
No one wanted to leave.
- Tell us another story!
My words are all confused.
- So you do not trust us?
To select a letter in the quote
Approximately the same rules isolated and contained in the text of the citation.If it is not fully in place put ellipsis omission of words.As a rule, always quotes isolated comma, even if they are similar to the indirect speech.Before the author's speech with a quotation omitted the first word starts with a dot and write with a capital letter, but if it is located in the middle of a sentence, then with a lowercase.Here, just as in the case of direct speech, used the colon and dash that have on the already known rules regarding the location of the quotes.
copyright notes in direct speech
In the case where in the text it is necessary to insert a direct authorial word, the short statement quoted together with the author's notes.For example:
«I'm a grandmother go - said the baby - and that's it!»
There are cases when the quotes are not put at all, instead using commas:
- If there is no clear designation of the person who owns a replica orwhen used in the text of all the well-known proverb.
- When we face difficult to determine direct or indirect speech.
- If the sentence includes the word "says."For example: I said, you still show !.
- If the statement placed the source.Most often it refers to the press.For example: Speech from the scene, said the reporter, blew up the hall with applause.
If you break the line of statements it was not supposed to end with any sign, or was provided for comma, dash, colon or semicolon, before the words of the author put commas and dashes, and at the end - point and dash.Then the rest of the replica write with a capital letter.For example:
«I'm away for a few minutes - said Helen.- Soon I will. "
In cases where the first part of direct speech before the break had to be a question or an exclamation point, then it is put in front of the dash, and the author's word, followed by a period and then continue after the dash direct speech.Also retained the dots with a colon.
Instead of conclusion
Direct speech, punctuation, which is not too difficult to learn, in literary works is very common.Therefore, the book may be a good visual aid for studying this topic.After all, visual perception, together with the knowledge of the rules could well secure in the knowledge memory on "Direct speech".
punctuation, sentence patterns with the location of direct speech and quotations in the text are studying at school or one year, which is understandable, because this section of the Russian language fairly lengthy and has many subtleties.However, the basic rules that are most often used in the letter is not too hard to remember.
