Offer can not exist without the grammatical foundations, and without the members of the minor - can.However, in this case, it will sound very dry and contain enough information.It is to clarify the different components within a single sentence, and complement, definitions and numerous kinds of circumstances.
Secondary members
no grammatical basics - subject and predicate - or at least one of them, the proposal can not exist.Secondary is optional for Member States.They serve to clarify the information in one complete syntactic units without an offer called non-proliferation, and with them - common.
Each secondary member performs its function, for example, the addition represents the object of action, as opposed to the subject, expressing the subject.The definition used for specific information on the basis of objects or actors.It can also express side effects than the core, expressed predicate.Circumstances also may represent a huge amount of various information.Generally, they relate to the main verb, that is, the predicate, and a way to express its commission, time, place, and so on. D. Depending on the type of information and distinguish between different types of circumstances.They should elaborate.
Circumstances
As mentioned earlier, to the main action expressed by the predicate, can refer a lot of information.And most of all, this information is expressed in circumstances that are identified by underlining "dot-dash".The exact function of a member can be defined by a semantic question, the analysis used prepositions and some other characteristics.Depending on these properties and different types of circumstances in the Russian language.
| type | Questions | prepositions | Examples |
| Time | when?c / How long?how long? | with before, in / in, through, for eve, during | remain until the morning; come sooner |
| Places | where?where?where? | have, of, for, about, among, close around before, out of, because through | live near the garden; go out |
| course of action | how?how? | with, without at | read with delight; fight without fear; live within our means |
| reasons why?because of which?for what reason? | on from, since, because, thanks, due | absent due to illness; suffer from hunger | |
| Goals | why?for what purpose?for what? | for the sake of, on, over, for | live for love; go mushrooming |
| measures | how long?how much?how many times? | - | call three times; leave forever |
| Degrees | how?to what extent? | - | did not like; very angry |
| Comparisons | how? | as if | sing like a nightingale; dance like a ballerina |
| Rebates | spite of that?contrary to what? | despite, in spite | came despite the case; went against the wishes of |
| Terms | under what conditions? | at | if you wish to visit |
It is clear that some types of circumstances are very similar, so not always possible to pinpoint the type of questions and prepositions.The most important and important - learn to distinguish between them in accordance with meaning that they carry.
word order in English, offers, usually arranged in accordance with a particular scheme.It received a direct order of the words, but in Russian it is free, and this is another problem faced by foreigners who choose to learn it.As in mathematics from the relocation of the terms does not change the amount, almost in our speech almost all words can be exchanged with each other, keeping the meaning.Of course, in reality, this is not true, but no precise criteria.
As a rule, the definition set before words, which include, but various kinds of circumstances can be almost anywhere in the proposal.Although, for example, the space-time type often gravitate to the top of the phrase, and those that are directly related to the verb, are located next to it.
Common circumstances
Usually the term refers to the proposals, but those are minor and his members.Sometimes they can even be distinct, including expressed or comparative participial turnovers.More often than not refer to such basic kinds of circumstances, ie time and place, and the assignment reasons of comparison and so on. D. Also in this role can serve idioms, which will not stand by commas.Examples are simple:
- Contrary to the predictions of weather forecasters , the weather turned bad.
- doing research , a scholar, day and night spent at work.
- Her head was closely cropped, like a boy .
- job went like clockwork .
conducting the analysis, you should always first be guided by common sense, because sometimes the same momentum can act as different parts of the sentence (depending on context).
About the syntactical synonyms
Almost every turn may be partially reduced and transformed into a different form, for example, if you are not sure how to place punctuation in a complex sentence.The easiest way to take to simplify the complexity of different types or circumstances.Examples can be so:
- I woke up, when dawned .- I woke up at dawn .
- We phoned before to meet .- We phoned before meeting .
- he was absent due to the fact that the ill .- He absent due to illness .
Thus, one and the same information can be expressed in a variety of ways using ordinary or more complex shapes.
