Dobaev KD, Ph.D., professor
on the program of master's training in Kyrgyzstan
After the Government Resolution № 496 "On establishing a two-tier structure of higher education of the Kyrgyz Republic"passed more than a year.Prior to this ruling in Kyrgyzstan has been gained some experience in the preparation of master's programs some higher education institutions in Kyrgyzstan.For example, on pedagogical directions Masters programs operated at the Kyrgyz State University named Arabaev, on economic trends in the Kyrgyz National University named Balasagyn etc.In general, Kyrgyzstan has now formed a certain idea and gained some experience in graduate and master's program.
According to the law "On education" in Kyrgyzstan Masters is regarded as the second higher education and therefore it is possible as shown by the study, about 50% of students in the master's programs had a direction and enrolled in the program far from the first higher education.For example, a student graduated with a degree in "Master" and entered the master's degree in "Economy" and a lot of such examples.This once again confirms that a clearer understanding of the master's and master's programs.
So, based on the international documents, including the fundamental documents of the Bologna process, we can say that the Master - a level of education that follows an undergraduate degree.Accordingly - a higher level, where requirements imposed graduate high enough.Master's graduate should possess such competencies that will enable it to operate, requiring more specialized skills, have deep theoretical knowledge, ie a specialist with fundamental professional education.
When basic higher education prevail general, or rather universal jurisdiction and, therefore, the preparation of bachelors focuses on the formation of common and universal competence, that percentage is about 70%, and in the preparation of master's programs have focused on the formation of scientific and narrow professionalcompetences.Of general or universal competence at master degree are formed through elective courses at the request of the learners themselves.
So, who is the master?Magister (lat.) - A mentor, a teacher, a leader.The Russian translation - "master of his craft."In ancient Rome, an important officer of the 50 positions.In contemporary Anglo-American system of higher education "master" occupies an intermediate position between the "Bachelor" and "doctor."
What is the status of Magistrates in Kyrgyzstan?As mentioned above, Master in Kyrgyzstan in its infancy.In a society still do not have a common understanding of the Judiciary and few people have an idea of the master's programs.In general, the preparation of a two-tier bachelor-master for our system of vocational education is a new phenomenon.We basically trained in the specialty, ietypical curricula focused on the preparation of a specific specialist: engineer, builder, architect, teacher of Russian language and literature, etc.The man received a degree in a particular specialty may work out in this specialty in the same place until retirement.Most in the community could be heard "in the workbook only one record," ie, that the man worked in one place and at one specialty.
industrial society such order is quite a natural phenomenon, but not for the post-industrial society.In a postindustrial society, knowledge becomes more and more "mortal."As A. Toffler said: "Today's fact becomes tomorrow's delusion This is not an objection to the examination of the facts or data - not at all.However, a society in which an individual changes jobs, address, social networks, etc.It attaches great importance to the efficiency of education.The school of tomorrow should provide not only information, but also how to work with it.Pupils and students should learn to discard old ideas, to know when and how to replace them.In short, they must learn how to learn and relearn.Illiterate man of tomorrow will not be the one who can not read, and those who have not learned how to learn. "
In these circumstances, the MA level, which in its essence is multivariant and flexible, individualized, having a property to rapid changes than other levels of education is becoming the most popular.Man having a basic education and then for life on the basis of individual needs and public demand may take two or more master's level.That is, the master training becomes a level of education that allows a person to re-orient themselves in the course of life to another area or region.And so we think master should be a lot of directions.They need to be more specialized and fundamental than other levels of education.
bachelor's level, as we know, more standardized with the same set of competences, regardless of field of study, that is, bachelor level more universal and for good reason this level is called the basic level of higher education.
master's program should be very much, therefore, the development and approval of master's programs should be carried out at universities in each direction separately, taking into account the socio-economic situation and demand in the labor market.In short Master's programs the most individualized and practice-oriented.At the same time higher education institutions in the development of master's degree programs must adhere to the parameters that are inherent in the layout of the state educational standard of higher professional education Master level approved by Decree of the Government of 23.08.2011g.
Today Kyrgyzstan outlined the following areas of master's training: research, which is mainly aimed at preparing for research work, after the Judiciary go to graduate school in order to protect the master's and doctoral theses.The second direction is connected with the teaching, which is a group of people who deliberately come to the magistracy, to work in the system of vocational education.Finally, the third area is more narrow, specialized, which continue to train those who want to deepen and broaden their knowledge of prior learning.
All these areas of master's training, of course, become apparent spontaneously on the basis of socio-economic conditions of the country.But among all areas of the majority of those who are studying for master's program for the further admission to graduate school, and link their future activities with teaching or research activities.We believe that this phenomenon is natural, when economic conditions, or rather the Kyrgyz economy is in deep crisis possible, so the third direction, which is the specialization fundamentalization previous education learning units.
next very important issue, when we speak of master's and Master's programs is the educational content.An analysis conducted by the Centre of problems of professional education of the Kyrgyz Academy of Education suggests that that today some certain strictly defined standards in developing the content of the master's program in Kyrgyzstan there.Although there is an approved layout master's level, which basically seems to continue the tried and tested to date, the major parameters.It's two years of study, 120 credits, one credit of 30 hours, three cycles, namely: general scientific cycle, professional cycle, practice and research, and not less than 40% of the base component.As we said above, there are master's programs with different target setting.How, for example, be a program where the emphasis is on specialized, in-depth training?What should be the proportion of academic disciplines in this situation?How much credit should be allocated for research, etc.
If you are talking about competence approach in education, hence the preparation of master's degrees, have to be defined which competencies should be formulated at the end of the master's programs in this or that direction.All these issues require careful study and research.
Summarizing the above said, we offer the following issues:
1. To introduce amendments to the law "On education", which clearly defined the place and status of the Judiciary in the education system.Master is not the second degree, and the second higher education.The main objective of the Judiciary - is the training of specialists focusing more on research work and want to continue their education in graduate school to protect the master's and doctoral theses.Ieit is easily adaptable experts, both in theory and practice, efficiently and effectively using its scientific potential.In other words, the purpose of the magistracy as the second level of education is to create conditions for the development of high-class professional.This in turn is determined by the software development theory and practice of research activities through in-depth study of the area, he alone chose.Therefore
final certification of graduates of magistracy must consist of two successive stages: 1) The master's examination;2) prepare and protect his master's thesis.
master's examination must include at least two exams: the methodology of science and the examination of the profile.
Protection master's thesis must be public with the participation of leading experts in the field.
2. Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic is necessary to define basic education, where possible training in master's programs, as not all universities can provide the training master's level.Today there are schools where there are master's programs, but no doctorate in profile of the program.We in Kyrgyzstan happened for some, lightweight attitude to master.If you look at the history of the formation of the Judiciary in Russia (we focus on the Russian model), after the end of Magistrates gave academic titles assistant professor or professor ekstroordinarnogo.
Therefore Attestation Management at MES KR is necessary to revise the licensing regulations allow the operation of the Judiciary.
3. Should be amended in the approved layout of the educational standard of higher professional education level "Master".
The standard stipulates that the proportion of independent work should be not less than 80% of the total load of the program, and that each student should develop an individual training program for the entire period of study and approved by the Academic Council.
more detail paint final certification of Master's programs.If these additions and refinements will be made to master's programs only benefit from it.
4. In developing the individual education programs universities themselves determine which jurisdiction should be formed by the end of training, as a basis for taking those competencies that are listed in the state educational standards.And those competencies that are represented in the state educational standards on the level of Master's teaching areas require more detailed study.At the center of the problems of vocational education KAO is working to refine and further development of various competencies, which subsequently will be submitted for further discussion.
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