Human language - it is a unique phenomenon, which has become one of the main criteria that distinguish man from the animals.It gives people the opportunity to share any information, experiences and so on. Even the backward tribes of Africa and Guinea have their own languages, the grammatical structure of which is rather complicated at times.You can not even imagine the absence of such means of communication.
Language - a system of certain characters (audio, written, etc.), Which is used by people to communicate, transfer of knowledge and information.Units it is not only individual words, but offer as well as the texts of which are made up of words and sentences.
main functions of language: Indicates that there is a definition of processes and concepts, communication - communication.Its nature is a public - that is, entities with it are expressed in the form of universally valid.
Contrary to popular belief, the language can be called not only a means of communication used by people (English, Russian, etc.).There are also so-called "artificial" languages.These include: relevance to science, programming, mathematics, as well as well-known Esperanto.If the number of natural languages are now all over the world more than two thousand, the number of artificial truly difficult to count.Of the latter, a special place is formalized and machine.
same natural language as a system of symbols, some knowledge is a result of folk art.It displays the folk culture and is a means to describe events and facts, reports concepts that evolved over the centuries in some people, clearly expresses what is happening.In fact, there is nothing that would go beyond human language, that can not be described using its vocabulary and grammar.Because everything that happens can be expressed or determined by using the language of his philosophy studies.Such studies are important means of expression for psychology, linguistics and other sciences.
philosophy of language includes a very broad area of research.It studies the relationship between language, thought and reality, as well as knowledge that can interpret the data connection.All three main spheres listed can be treated as independent, independent from each other.
Philosophy of Language covers areas such as history, psychology and sociology of language, biology, linguistics, logic, has been researching the essence of language, its origin and function in society.The essence of it is expressed in its dual function: to be a way of communicating and at the same time an instrument of thought.In the philosophy of language is usually considered as a means of formation and expression of ideas.
means of communication and expression of thought have long paid great attention not only in philosophy or logic, but in religion.Long before there was a philosophy of language, the Bible was written: "The first was the Word ... the Word was God."In other words, the authors of the Bible point to the divine origin of language.He is, according to their beliefs, a symbol of the divine universe.The philosophy of language can be interpreted as an expression of individual words concepts, ideas, or as the name of the phenomena or objects.
It also examines the individual proposals.Any proposal can be considered from two perspectives: 1) what it corresponds to reality, 2) a method of a bunch of words it uses.So, in the first case it considered the value and meaning, and the second - the grammar.On the first position offer can be true or false, the second - the grammatical rule comply or not comply with them.
Philosophers XVIII-XX centuries began to attach great importance to relations between the concepts and words that express them.Word began to be perceived as a designation of thought or feeling.They began to appear the idea of a rational artificial languages.In addition, many times over the last century, attempts were made to create a language common to all nations.As a result of one such attempt about 150 years ago, Warsaw ophthalmologist was created Esperanto.Currently, this language is understood to two million people.However, in everyday life it is almost no one speaks.
Today there are three main concepts of the philosophy of language.The first of these - the name of philosophy (things essence, the idea), that is a word that describes the essence of the subject.Second - it is a philosophy of the predicate.Predicate - it is an expression that refers to an indication of anything.As for the third set of values.
