modern world civilization - an indirect product of ancient Greek culture.Ancient Greek philosophy - the most important part of it.Based on the most common concept, divided into several stages, through which passed the philosophy and culture of antiquity in general.
Stage One.The origin of philosophy, its formation.The first half of the VI century BC.e., a part of Asia Minor Greece - Ionia was Miletus.There is an ancient Greek first school, called the Milesian.To it belong Anaximander Thales, Anaximenes, their disciples.
Second Stage.Maturity philosophy, its heyday (from V to IV century BC), is the establishment of schools: the atomists, the Pythagorean and the Sophists.This stage is associated with the names of the greatest thinkers - Socrates, Aristotle, Plato.
Stage Three.Ancient Greek philosophy is experiencing a decline.The era of the Latin and Greek philosophy.The most pronounced during the Hellenistic philosophy - skepticism, stoicism, Epicureanism.
If you highlight the content of philosophical thoughts, we get the following:
- early classic (pre-Socratics, naturalists): "Physis", "Space" and its structure;
- classical average (Socrates with his school, naturalists);
- classic high (Aristotle and Plato, and their schools).
What are the features of ancient Greek philosophy?Antique ancient Greek philosophy is characterized by generalized rudiments of scientific knowledge, observations of phenomena occurring in nature, as well as the achievements of culture and scientific thought of the East.For this world-historical type characterized cosmocentrism.The nature and the elements - the macrocosm, a kind of repetition of the world, the man - the microcosm.This is the highest principle, which subordinates the human manifestation called destiny.In this period productively develop mathematical and scientific knowledge, which leads in turn to a unique combination of scientific knowledge with the rudiments of consciousness aesthetic and mythological.Question: Why philosophy in this manifestation was born in ancient Greece?
to the conditions that contributed to the establishment, is, first and foremost, freedom of thought of the ancient Greeks, attributable to a specific religious ancient Greece: religious beliefs are not linked with severe regulation of social and individual life.The Greeks no priestly caste, which has such an influence in other eastern states.Greek Beliefs are not asked the same conservative way of life, both in the same East.On the contrary, there is enough room for intelligent, independent search.To find the beginning of life.It is interesting at least, and that this period is characterized by the activity, which is expressed, among other things, in intensive resettlement colonization (beginning from the VII century BC).In comparison with the surrounding sedentary peoples, striking bright selection of Greek activities, migration mobility, enterprise.They rely only on themselves, their abilities, thus demonstrating a genuine, lively interest in the world around him.
ancient Greek philosopher, cosmocentrism
As we already know, in the VI-IV century BCIt is a rapid blossoming as a philosophy, and culture in general.During this time, creating new outlook, a new vision of the world and its device, the doctrine of space, which is the beginning of today's knowledge and discovery.Earth (and everything on it), the light and the firmament closed space covered by a spherical shape with a constant cycle: all there, everything flows, everything changes.But no one knows how and where to return there.Some philosophers argue that the basis of all are the perceived sensory elements (fire, water, oxygen, earth and Apeiron), others explain all mathematical atoms (the Pythagoreans), and others perceive the foundation in the invisible, a single being (Eleatics), the fourth is considered the bedrock of indivisible atoms(Democritus), fifth claim that the earth is only a shadow, the result of realization of thought.Of course, all areas now seem naive and contradictory, it had not yet come to the realization that philosophy may have different values.However, V century BC(Plato and Democritus) gives two conflicting lines clearly marked.The struggle between these lines goes through the whole philosophy ...
